Toenails as biomarker of exposure to essential trace metals: A review

Health problems associated with essential trace metals can result from both inadequate (i.e., low intake) and excessive exposures (i.e., from environmental and/or occupational source). Thus, measuring the exposure level is a real challenge for epidemiologists. Among non-invasive biomarkers that inte...

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Autores: Gutiérrez González, Enrique, García Esquinas, Esther, Fernandez de Larrea-Baz, Nerea, Salcedo Bellido, Inmaculada, Navas Acien, Ana, Lope, Virginia, Gómez Ariza, José Luis, Pastor Barriuso, Roberto, Pollán, Marina, Pérez Gómez, Beatriz
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Huelva (UHU)
Repositorio:Arias Montano. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ariasmontano.uhu.es:10272/25193
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/10272/25193
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Toenail
Biomonitoring
Biomarker
Exposure
Essential trace essential metals
Systematic review
32 Ciencias Médicas
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spelling Toenails as biomarker of exposure to essential trace metals: A reviewGutiérrez González, EnriqueGarcía Esquinas, EstherFernandez de Larrea-Baz, NereaSalcedo Bellido, InmaculadaNavas Acien, AnaLope, VirginiaGómez Ariza, José LuisPastor Barriuso, RobertoPollán, MarinaPérez Gómez, BeatrizToenailBiomonitoringBiomarkerExposureEssential trace essential metalsSystematic review32 Ciencias MédicasHealth problems associated with essential trace metals can result from both inadequate (i.e., low intake) and excessive exposures (i.e., from environmental and/or occupational source). Thus, measuring the exposure level is a real challenge for epidemiologists. Among non-invasive biomarkers that intend to measure long-term exposure to essential trace metals, the toenail is probably the biological matrix with the greatest potential. This systematic review collects the current evidence regarding the validity of toenail clippings as exposure biomarker for trace metals such as boron, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, silicon, vanadium and zinc. Special attention was paid to the time-window of exposure reflected by the toenail, the intraindividual variability in exposure levels over time in this matrix, and the relationship of toenail with other biomarkers, personal characteristics and environmental sources. Our search identified 139 papers, with selenium and zinc being the most studied elements. The variability among studies suggests that toenail levels may reflect different degrees of exposure and probably correspond to exposures occurred 3–12 months before sampling (i.e., for manganese/selenium). Few studies assessed the reproducibility of results over time and, for samples obtained 1–6 years apart, the correlation coefficient were between 0.26 and 0.66. Trace metal levels in toenails did not correlate well with those in the blood and urine and showed low-moderate correlation with those in the hair and fingernails. Available data suggests that for some elements (Se, Mn, Zn) toenail concentrations reflect long-term external exposures in fairly reproducible levels, while for other metals, this association has not yet been assessed. Among dietary factors, only toenail selenium showed clear associations with the intake of supplements or specific foods. The toenail levels could also represent occupational exposure, for instance, Mn exposure in welders. The scarcity of information on other essential trace elements, together with the great heterogeneity among studies makes the validation of the usage of toenails as biomarkers of exposure to these elements difficult. Standardization of sample collection, quality control, analytical techniques and reporting procedures might facilitate further research focused on the clear understanding of the significance of essential levels in this promising matrix and would enhance its utility in epidemiological research.Elsevier20192019-10-0120192019-10-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10272/25193reponame:Arias Montano. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelvainstname:Universidad de Huelva (UHU)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Españahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ariasmontano.uhu.es:10272/251932026-06-02T14:58:11Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Toenails as biomarker of exposure to essential trace metals: A review
title Toenails as biomarker of exposure to essential trace metals: A review
spellingShingle Toenails as biomarker of exposure to essential trace metals: A review
Gutiérrez González, Enrique
Toenail
Biomonitoring
Biomarker
Exposure
Essential trace essential metals
Systematic review
32 Ciencias Médicas
title_short Toenails as biomarker of exposure to essential trace metals: A review
title_full Toenails as biomarker of exposure to essential trace metals: A review
title_fullStr Toenails as biomarker of exposure to essential trace metals: A review
title_full_unstemmed Toenails as biomarker of exposure to essential trace metals: A review
title_sort Toenails as biomarker of exposure to essential trace metals: A review
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Gutiérrez González, Enrique
García Esquinas, Esther
Fernandez de Larrea-Baz, Nerea
Salcedo Bellido, Inmaculada
Navas Acien, Ana
Lope, Virginia
Gómez Ariza, José Luis
Pastor Barriuso, Roberto
Pollán, Marina
Pérez Gómez, Beatriz
author Gutiérrez González, Enrique
author_facet Gutiérrez González, Enrique
García Esquinas, Esther
Fernandez de Larrea-Baz, Nerea
Salcedo Bellido, Inmaculada
Navas Acien, Ana
Lope, Virginia
Gómez Ariza, José Luis
Pastor Barriuso, Roberto
Pollán, Marina
Pérez Gómez, Beatriz
author_role author
author2 García Esquinas, Esther
Fernandez de Larrea-Baz, Nerea
Salcedo Bellido, Inmaculada
Navas Acien, Ana
Lope, Virginia
Gómez Ariza, José Luis
Pastor Barriuso, Roberto
Pollán, Marina
Pérez Gómez, Beatriz
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Toenail
Biomonitoring
Biomarker
Exposure
Essential trace essential metals
Systematic review
32 Ciencias Médicas
topic Toenail
Biomonitoring
Biomarker
Exposure
Essential trace essential metals
Systematic review
32 Ciencias Médicas
description Health problems associated with essential trace metals can result from both inadequate (i.e., low intake) and excessive exposures (i.e., from environmental and/or occupational source). Thus, measuring the exposure level is a real challenge for epidemiologists. Among non-invasive biomarkers that intend to measure long-term exposure to essential trace metals, the toenail is probably the biological matrix with the greatest potential. This systematic review collects the current evidence regarding the validity of toenail clippings as exposure biomarker for trace metals such as boron, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, silicon, vanadium and zinc. Special attention was paid to the time-window of exposure reflected by the toenail, the intraindividual variability in exposure levels over time in this matrix, and the relationship of toenail with other biomarkers, personal characteristics and environmental sources. Our search identified 139 papers, with selenium and zinc being the most studied elements. The variability among studies suggests that toenail levels may reflect different degrees of exposure and probably correspond to exposures occurred 3–12 months before sampling (i.e., for manganese/selenium). Few studies assessed the reproducibility of results over time and, for samples obtained 1–6 years apart, the correlation coefficient were between 0.26 and 0.66. Trace metal levels in toenails did not correlate well with those in the blood and urine and showed low-moderate correlation with those in the hair and fingernails. Available data suggests that for some elements (Se, Mn, Zn) toenail concentrations reflect long-term external exposures in fairly reproducible levels, while for other metals, this association has not yet been assessed. Among dietary factors, only toenail selenium showed clear associations with the intake of supplements or specific foods. The toenail levels could also represent occupational exposure, for instance, Mn exposure in welders. The scarcity of information on other essential trace elements, together with the great heterogeneity among studies makes the validation of the usage of toenails as biomarkers of exposure to these elements difficult. Standardization of sample collection, quality control, analytical techniques and reporting procedures might facilitate further research focused on the clear understanding of the significance of essential levels in this promising matrix and would enhance its utility in epidemiological research.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2019-10-01
2019
2019-10-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10272/25193
url https://hdl.handle.net/10272/25193
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Arias Montano. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva
instname:Universidad de Huelva (UHU)
instname_str Universidad de Huelva (UHU)
reponame_str Arias Montano. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva
collection Arias Montano. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva
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repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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