Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of Ground-Tire Rubber (GTR) during Microwave-Assisted Devulcanization

Many efforts are being made to find innovative ways of recycling rubber from end-of-life tires (ELTs), also called ground tire Rubber (GTR). Recycling through devulcanization allows the reintroduction of rubber back into the manufacturing industry. Such a process requires providing enough energy to...

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Autores: Pérez-Campos, Rafael, Fayos-Fernández, José, Monzó-Cabrera, J., Martín Salamanca, Fernando, Valentín, Juan L., Catalá-Civera, José M., Plaza-Gonzalez, Pedro, Sánchez-Marín, J. R.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/278981
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/278981
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Round tire rubber
Devulcanization
Microwave
Dielectric heating
Permittivity
Resonant technique
Dielectric constant
Loss factor
Time-domain NMR
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spelling Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of Ground-Tire Rubber (GTR) during Microwave-Assisted DevulcanizationPérez-Campos, RafaelFayos-Fernández, JoséMonzó-Cabrera, J.Martín Salamanca, FernandoValentín, Juan L.Catalá-Civera, José M.Plaza-Gonzalez, PedroSánchez-Marín, J. R.Round tire rubberDevulcanizationMicrowaveDielectric heatingPermittivityResonant techniqueDielectric constantLoss factorTime-domain NMRMany efforts are being made to find innovative ways of recycling rubber from end-of-life tires (ELTs), also called ground tire Rubber (GTR). Recycling through devulcanization allows the reintroduction of rubber back into the manufacturing industry. Such a process requires providing enough energy to break the sulfur links, while preventing damage to the polymeric chain. Microwave heating is controllable, efficient, and it does not rely on conventional heating mechanisms (conduction, convection) which may involve high heating losses, but rather on direct dielectric heating. However, to adequately control the microwave-assisted devulcanization performance, a thorough knowledge of the GTR permittivity versus temperature is required. In this work, GTR permittivity was monitored during its devulcanization. A resonant technique based on a dual-mode cylindrical cavity was used to simultaneously heat rubber and measure its permittivity at around 2 GHz. The results show sharp changes in the GTR permittivity at 160 and 190 °C. After the GTR cooled down, a shifted permittivity evidences a change in the GTR structure caused by the devulcanization process. Microwave-assisted devulcanization effectiveness is proven through time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, by verifying the decrease in the cross-link density of processed GTR samples compared to the original sample.This research project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 870,000. More information at https: //cordis.europa.eu/project/id/870000 (accessed on 27 August 2022) and https://valuerubber.eu/ (accessed on 27 August 2022). JLV and FMS also thanks the funding from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (PID2020-119047RB-I00 y PLEC2021-007793), Gobierno de Aragón (EC-22-2021) and CSIC (201860E045)Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Gobierno de AragónConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2022202220222022info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/278981reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-119047RB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/870000http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173543Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2789812026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of Ground-Tire Rubber (GTR) during Microwave-Assisted Devulcanization
title Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of Ground-Tire Rubber (GTR) during Microwave-Assisted Devulcanization
spellingShingle Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of Ground-Tire Rubber (GTR) during Microwave-Assisted Devulcanization
Pérez-Campos, Rafael
Round tire rubber
Devulcanization
Microwave
Dielectric heating
Permittivity
Resonant technique
Dielectric constant
Loss factor
Time-domain NMR
title_short Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of Ground-Tire Rubber (GTR) during Microwave-Assisted Devulcanization
title_full Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of Ground-Tire Rubber (GTR) during Microwave-Assisted Devulcanization
title_fullStr Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of Ground-Tire Rubber (GTR) during Microwave-Assisted Devulcanization
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of Ground-Tire Rubber (GTR) during Microwave-Assisted Devulcanization
title_sort Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of Ground-Tire Rubber (GTR) during Microwave-Assisted Devulcanization
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pérez-Campos, Rafael
Fayos-Fernández, José
Monzó-Cabrera, J.
Martín Salamanca, Fernando
Valentín, Juan L.
Catalá-Civera, José M.
Plaza-Gonzalez, Pedro
Sánchez-Marín, J. R.
author Pérez-Campos, Rafael
author_facet Pérez-Campos, Rafael
Fayos-Fernández, José
Monzó-Cabrera, J.
Martín Salamanca, Fernando
Valentín, Juan L.
Catalá-Civera, José M.
Plaza-Gonzalez, Pedro
Sánchez-Marín, J. R.
author_role author
author2 Fayos-Fernández, José
Monzó-Cabrera, J.
Martín Salamanca, Fernando
Valentín, Juan L.
Catalá-Civera, José M.
Plaza-Gonzalez, Pedro
Sánchez-Marín, J. R.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Gobierno de Aragón
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Round tire rubber
Devulcanization
Microwave
Dielectric heating
Permittivity
Resonant technique
Dielectric constant
Loss factor
Time-domain NMR
topic Round tire rubber
Devulcanization
Microwave
Dielectric heating
Permittivity
Resonant technique
Dielectric constant
Loss factor
Time-domain NMR
description Many efforts are being made to find innovative ways of recycling rubber from end-of-life tires (ELTs), also called ground tire Rubber (GTR). Recycling through devulcanization allows the reintroduction of rubber back into the manufacturing industry. Such a process requires providing enough energy to break the sulfur links, while preventing damage to the polymeric chain. Microwave heating is controllable, efficient, and it does not rely on conventional heating mechanisms (conduction, convection) which may involve high heating losses, but rather on direct dielectric heating. However, to adequately control the microwave-assisted devulcanization performance, a thorough knowledge of the GTR permittivity versus temperature is required. In this work, GTR permittivity was monitored during its devulcanization. A resonant technique based on a dual-mode cylindrical cavity was used to simultaneously heat rubber and measure its permittivity at around 2 GHz. The results show sharp changes in the GTR permittivity at 160 and 190 °C. After the GTR cooled down, a shifted permittivity evidences a change in the GTR structure caused by the devulcanization process. Microwave-assisted devulcanization effectiveness is proven through time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, by verifying the decrease in the cross-link density of processed GTR samples compared to the original sample.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022
2022
2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/278981
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/278981
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-119047RB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/870000
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173543
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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