Analysis of noise temperature sensitivity for the design of a broadband thermal noise primary standard

A broadband primary standard for thermal noise measurements is presented and its thermal and electromagnetic behavior is analyzed by means of a novel hybrid analytical-numerical simulation methodology. The standard consists of a broadband termination connected to a 3.5mm coaxial airline partially im...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Díaz Morcillo, Alejandro Benedicto, Lozano Guerrero, Antonio José, Fornet Ruíz, Jaime, Monzó Cabrera, Juan
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2012
País:España
Institución:Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena(UPCT)
Repositorio:Repositorio Digital UPCT
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.upct.es:10317/3151
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10317/3151
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Thermal noise
Noise temperature
Broadband
Coaxial line
Primary standard
Microwave
Descripción
Sumario:A broadband primary standard for thermal noise measurements is presented and its thermal and electromagnetic behavior is analyzed by means of a novel hybrid analytical-numerical simulation methodology. The standard consists of a broadband termination connected to a 3.5mm coaxial airline partially immersed in liquid Nitrogen and is designed in order to obtain a low reflectivity and a low uncertainty in the noise temperature. A detailed sensitivity analysis is made in order to highlight the critical characteristics that mostly affect the uncertainty in the noise temperature, and also to determine the manufacturing and operation tolerances for a proper performance in the range 10MHz–26.5GHz. Aspects such as the thermal bead design, the level of liquid Nitrogen or the uncertainties associated to the temperatures, the physical properties of the materials in the standard and the simulation techniques are discussed.