Cellular and Synaptic Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: Stepping Out of the Striatum
The basal ganglia (BG) are a collection of interconnected subcortical nuclei that participate in a great variety of functions, ranging from motor programming and execution to procedural learning, cognition, and emotions. This network is also the region primarily affected by the degeneration of midbr...
| Autores: | , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2019 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad del País Vasco |
| Repositorio: | Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/37565 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10810/37565 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | globus pallidus subthalamic nucleus substantia nigra dopamine pacemaking neuronal excitability GABAergic transmission neuronal oscillations nigra pars reticulata subthalamic nucleus neurons external globus-pallidus basal ganglia output rat substantia-nigra deep brain-stimulation short-term plasticity 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine primate model synchronized oscillatory activity beta frequency synchronization |
| Sumario: | The basal ganglia (BG) are a collection of interconnected subcortical nuclei that participate in a great variety of functions, ranging from motor programming and execution to procedural learning, cognition, and emotions. This network is also the region primarily affected by the degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons localized in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). This degeneration causes cellular and synaptic dysfunctions in the BG network, which are responsible for the appearance of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Dopamine (DA) modulation and the consequences of its loss on the striatal microcircuit have been extensively studied, and because of the discrete nature of DA innervation of other BG nuclei, its action outside the striatum has been considered negligible. However, there is a growing body of evidence supporting functional extrastriatal DA modulation of both cellular excitability and synaptic transmission. In this review, the functional relevance of DA modulation outside the striatum in both normal and pathological conditions will be discussed. |
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