Multiclass Analysis for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Their Main Metabolites in Leafy and Root Vegetables

The irrigation of soils with reclaimed contaminated wastewater or its amendment with sewage sludge contributes to the uptake of pharmaceuticals by vegetables growing in the soil. A multiresidue method has been devised to determine five pharmaceuticals and nine of their main metabolites in leafy and...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Mejías Padilla, Carmen, Arenas Molina, Marina, Martín Bueno, Julia, Santos Morcillo, Juan Luis, Aparicio Gómez, Irene, Alonso Álvarez, Esteban
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:idus.us.es:11441/164964
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/164964
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153471
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Carrot
LC-MS/MS
Lettuce
Metabolites
Pharmaceuticals
Vegetables
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spelling Multiclass Analysis for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Their Main Metabolites in Leafy and Root VegetablesMejías Padilla, CarmenArenas Molina, MarinaMartín Bueno, JuliaSantos Morcillo, Juan LuisAparicio Gómez, IreneAlonso Álvarez, EstebanCarrotLC-MS/MSLettuceMetabolitesPharmaceuticalsVegetablesThe irrigation of soils with reclaimed contaminated wastewater or its amendment with sewage sludge contributes to the uptake of pharmaceuticals by vegetables growing in the soil. A multiresidue method has been devised to determine five pharmaceuticals and nine of their main metabolites in leafy and root vegetables. The method employs ultrasound-assisted extraction, clean-up via dispersive solid-phase extraction, and analysis through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Box–Behnken design was used to refine variables such as extraction solvent volume, time of extraction, number of extraction cycles, and the type and amount of d-SPE sorbent. The method achieved linearity (R2) greater than 0.994, precision (relative standard deviation) under 16% for most compounds, and detection limits ranging from 0.007 to 2.25 ng g−1 dry weight. This method was applied to a leafy vegetable (lettuce) and to a root vegetable (carrot) sourced from a local market. Parent compounds were detected at higher concentrations than their metabolites, with the exception of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN) PID2020-117641RB-I00Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) 10.13039/501100011033Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Química AnalíticaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). EspañaAgencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)2024info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/164964https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153471reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésMolecules, 29 (15), 3471.PID2020-117641RB-I0010.13039/501100011033https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153471info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:idus.us.es:11441/1649642026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Multiclass Analysis for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Their Main Metabolites in Leafy and Root Vegetables
title Multiclass Analysis for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Their Main Metabolites in Leafy and Root Vegetables
spellingShingle Multiclass Analysis for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Their Main Metabolites in Leafy and Root Vegetables
Mejías Padilla, Carmen
Carrot
LC-MS/MS
Lettuce
Metabolites
Pharmaceuticals
Vegetables
title_short Multiclass Analysis for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Their Main Metabolites in Leafy and Root Vegetables
title_full Multiclass Analysis for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Their Main Metabolites in Leafy and Root Vegetables
title_fullStr Multiclass Analysis for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Their Main Metabolites in Leafy and Root Vegetables
title_full_unstemmed Multiclass Analysis for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Their Main Metabolites in Leafy and Root Vegetables
title_sort Multiclass Analysis for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Their Main Metabolites in Leafy and Root Vegetables
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Mejías Padilla, Carmen
Arenas Molina, Marina
Martín Bueno, Julia
Santos Morcillo, Juan Luis
Aparicio Gómez, Irene
Alonso Álvarez, Esteban
author Mejías Padilla, Carmen
author_facet Mejías Padilla, Carmen
Arenas Molina, Marina
Martín Bueno, Julia
Santos Morcillo, Juan Luis
Aparicio Gómez, Irene
Alonso Álvarez, Esteban
author_role author
author2 Arenas Molina, Marina
Martín Bueno, Julia
Santos Morcillo, Juan Luis
Aparicio Gómez, Irene
Alonso Álvarez, Esteban
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Química Analítica
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Carrot
LC-MS/MS
Lettuce
Metabolites
Pharmaceuticals
Vegetables
topic Carrot
LC-MS/MS
Lettuce
Metabolites
Pharmaceuticals
Vegetables
description The irrigation of soils with reclaimed contaminated wastewater or its amendment with sewage sludge contributes to the uptake of pharmaceuticals by vegetables growing in the soil. A multiresidue method has been devised to determine five pharmaceuticals and nine of their main metabolites in leafy and root vegetables. The method employs ultrasound-assisted extraction, clean-up via dispersive solid-phase extraction, and analysis through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Box–Behnken design was used to refine variables such as extraction solvent volume, time of extraction, number of extraction cycles, and the type and amount of d-SPE sorbent. The method achieved linearity (R2) greater than 0.994, precision (relative standard deviation) under 16% for most compounds, and detection limits ranging from 0.007 to 2.25 ng g−1 dry weight. This method was applied to a leafy vegetable (lettuce) and to a root vegetable (carrot) sourced from a local market. Parent compounds were detected at higher concentrations than their metabolites, with the exception of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/164964
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153471
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/164964
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153471
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Molecules, 29 (15), 3471.
PID2020-117641RB-I00
10.13039/501100011033
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153471
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
reponame_str idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.81155

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