A big red dot at cosmic noon
We report the discovery of a little red dot (LRD), dubbed BiRD ('big red dot'), at $z=2.33$ in the field around the $z=6.3$ quasar SDSSJ1030+0524. Using NIRCam images, we identified it as a bright outlier in the $F200W-F356W$ color vs $F356W$ magnitude diagram of point sources in the field...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/411009 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/411009 http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12141v2 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Galaxies: active Galaxies: high-redshift Quasars: absorption lines Quasars: supermassive black holes |
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A big red dot at cosmic noon |
| title |
A big red dot at cosmic noon |
| spellingShingle |
A big red dot at cosmic noon Loiacono, Federica Galaxies: active Galaxies: high-redshift Quasars: absorption lines Quasars: supermassive black holes |
| title_short |
A big red dot at cosmic noon |
| title_full |
A big red dot at cosmic noon |
| title_fullStr |
A big red dot at cosmic noon |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A big red dot at cosmic noon |
| title_sort |
A big red dot at cosmic noon |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Loiacono, Federica Gilli, Roberto Mignoli, Marco Mazzolari, Giovanni Decarli, Roberto Brusa, Marcella Calura, Francesco Chiaberge, Marco Comastri, Andrea D'Amato, Quirino Iwasawa, Kazushi Juodžbalis, Ignas Lanzuisi, Giorgio Maiolino, Roberto Marchesi, Stefano Norman, Colin Peca, Alessandro Prandoni, Isabella Sapori, Matteo Signorini, Matilde Tozzi, Paolo Vanzella, E. Vignali, Cristian Vito, Fabio Zamorani, G. |
| author |
Loiacono, Federica |
| author_facet |
Loiacono, Federica Gilli, Roberto Mignoli, Marco Mazzolari, Giovanni Decarli, Roberto Brusa, Marcella Calura, Francesco Chiaberge, Marco Comastri, Andrea D'Amato, Quirino Iwasawa, Kazushi Juodžbalis, Ignas Lanzuisi, Giorgio Maiolino, Roberto Marchesi, Stefano Norman, Colin Peca, Alessandro Prandoni, Isabella Sapori, Matteo Signorini, Matilde Tozzi, Paolo Vanzella, E. Vignali, Cristian Vito, Fabio Zamorani, G. |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Gilli, Roberto Mignoli, Marco Mazzolari, Giovanni Decarli, Roberto Brusa, Marcella Calura, Francesco Chiaberge, Marco Comastri, Andrea D'Amato, Quirino Iwasawa, Kazushi Juodžbalis, Ignas Lanzuisi, Giorgio Maiolino, Roberto Marchesi, Stefano Norman, Colin Peca, Alessandro Prandoni, Isabella Sapori, Matteo Signorini, Matilde Tozzi, Paolo Vanzella, E. Vignali, Cristian Vito, Fabio Zamorani, G. |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España) Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica European Commission European Research Council UK Research and Innovation Huo Family Foundation Royal Society (UK) Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca NASA Loiacono, Federica [0000-0002-8858-6784] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Galaxies: active Galaxies: high-redshift Quasars: absorption lines Quasars: supermassive black holes |
| topic |
Galaxies: active Galaxies: high-redshift Quasars: absorption lines Quasars: supermassive black holes |
| description |
We report the discovery of a little red dot (LRD), dubbed BiRD ('big red dot'), at $z=2.33$ in the field around the $z=6.3$ quasar SDSSJ1030+0524. Using NIRCam images, we identified it as a bright outlier in the $F200W-F356W$ color vs $F356W$ magnitude diagram of point sources in the field. The NIRCam/WFSS spectrum reveals the emission from HeI$λ10830$ and PaG line, both showing a narrow and a broad ($FWHM\gtrsim 2000\ \rm kms^{-1}$) component. The HeI line is affected by an absorption feature, tracing dense gas with HeI column density in the $2^3S$ level $N\sim 0.5-1.2\times 10^{14}\rm cm^{-2}$, depending on the location of the absorber, which is outflowing at the speed of $Δv \sim -830\ \rm kms^{-1}$. As observed in the majority of LRDs, BiRD does not show X-ray or radio emission. The BH mass and the bolometric luminosity, both inferred from the PaG broad component, amount to $M_{\rm BH}\sim 10^8\rm M_{\odot}$ and $L_{\rm bol}\sim 2.9\times 10^{45}\rm ergs^{-1}$, respectively. Intriguingly, BiRD presents strict analogies with other two LRDs spectroscopically confirmed at cosmic noon, GN-28074 ("Rosetta Stone") at $z=2.26$ and RUBIES-BLAGN-1 at $z=3.1$. The blueshifted HeI absorption detected in all three sources suggests that gas outflows may be common in LRDs. We derive a first estimate of the space density of LRDs at $z<3$ based on JWST data, as a function of $L_{\rm bol}$ and BH mass. The space density is only a factor of $\sim 2-3$ lower than that of UV-selected quasars with comparable $L_{\rm bol}$ and $z$, meaning that the contribution of LRDs to the broader AGN population is also relevant at cosmic noon. A similar trend is also observed in terms of BH masses. If, as suggested by recent theories, LRDs probe the very first and rapid growth of black hole seeds, our finding may suggest that the formation of black hole seeds remains efficient at least up to cosmic noon. |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2025 2025 2025 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/411009 http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12141v2 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/411009 http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12141v2 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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EDP Sciences |
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EDP Sciences |
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reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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1869404400398630912 |
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A big red dot at cosmic noonLoiacono, FedericaGilli, RobertoMignoli, MarcoMazzolari, GiovanniDecarli, RobertoBrusa, MarcellaCalura, FrancescoChiaberge, MarcoComastri, AndreaD'Amato, QuirinoIwasawa, KazushiJuodžbalis, IgnasLanzuisi, GiorgioMaiolino, RobertoMarchesi, StefanoNorman, ColinPeca, AlessandroPrandoni, IsabellaSapori, MatteoSignorini, MatildeTozzi, PaoloVanzella, E.Vignali, CristianVito, FabioZamorani, G.Galaxies: activeGalaxies: high-redshiftQuasars: absorption linesQuasars: supermassive black holesWe report the discovery of a little red dot (LRD), dubbed BiRD ('big red dot'), at $z=2.33$ in the field around the $z=6.3$ quasar SDSSJ1030+0524. Using NIRCam images, we identified it as a bright outlier in the $F200W-F356W$ color vs $F356W$ magnitude diagram of point sources in the field. The NIRCam/WFSS spectrum reveals the emission from HeI$λ10830$ and PaG line, both showing a narrow and a broad ($FWHM\gtrsim 2000\ \rm kms^{-1}$) component. The HeI line is affected by an absorption feature, tracing dense gas with HeI column density in the $2^3S$ level $N\sim 0.5-1.2\times 10^{14}\rm cm^{-2}$, depending on the location of the absorber, which is outflowing at the speed of $Δv \sim -830\ \rm kms^{-1}$. As observed in the majority of LRDs, BiRD does not show X-ray or radio emission. The BH mass and the bolometric luminosity, both inferred from the PaG broad component, amount to $M_{\rm BH}\sim 10^8\rm M_{\odot}$ and $L_{\rm bol}\sim 2.9\times 10^{45}\rm ergs^{-1}$, respectively. Intriguingly, BiRD presents strict analogies with other two LRDs spectroscopically confirmed at cosmic noon, GN-28074 ("Rosetta Stone") at $z=2.26$ and RUBIES-BLAGN-1 at $z=3.1$. The blueshifted HeI absorption detected in all three sources suggests that gas outflows may be common in LRDs. We derive a first estimate of the space density of LRDs at $z<3$ based on JWST data, as a function of $L_{\rm bol}$ and BH mass. The space density is only a factor of $\sim 2-3$ lower than that of UV-selected quasars with comparable $L_{\rm bol}$ and $z$, meaning that the contribution of LRDs to the broader AGN population is also relevant at cosmic noon. A similar trend is also observed in terms of BH masses. If, as suggested by recent theories, LRDs probe the very first and rapid growth of black hole seeds, our finding may suggest that the formation of black hole seeds remains efficient at least up to cosmic noon.We thank the referee for their useful and constructive comments. We thank Guido Risaliti for useful discussion and for kindly providing us with the data-points of Fig. 6. We acknowledge support from the INAF 2022/2023 “Ricerca Fondamentale” grants. K.I. acknowledges support under the grant PID2022-136827NB-C44 provided by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 / FEDER, UE. I.J. and R.M. acknowledges support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), by the ERC through Advanced Grant 695671 “QUENCH”, and by the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. I.J. acknowledges support also by the Huo Family Foundation through a P.C. Ho PhD Studentship. R.M. also acknowledges funding from a research professorship from the Royal Society. M.S. acknowledges financial support from the Italian Ministry for University and Research, through the grant PNRR-M4C2- I1.1-PRIN 2022-PE9-SEAWIND: Super-Eddington Accretion: Wind, INflow and Disk-F53D23001250006-NextGenerationEU. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with the GTO program 1243.Peer reviewedEDP SciencesMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Istituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaEuropean CommissionEuropean Research CouncilUK Research and InnovationHuo Family FoundationRoyal Society (UK)Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della RicercaNASALoiacono, Federica [0000-0002-8858-6784]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/411009http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12141v2reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//PID2022-136827NB-C44info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/695671https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555946Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4110092026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
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15,81155 |