Unique skull network complexity of Tyrannosaurus rex among land vertebrates

Like other diapsids, Tyrannosaurus rex has two openings in the temporal skull region. In addition, like in other dinosaurs, its snout and lower jaw show large cranial fenestrae. In T. rex, they are thought to decrease skull weight, because, unlike most other amniotes, the skull proportion is immense...

ver descrição completa

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Werneburg, Ingmar|||0000-0003-1359-2036, Esteve-Altava, Borja|||0000-0002-6645-4684, Araújo Bruno, Joana Catarina, Torres Ladeira, Marta, Diogo, Rui
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Recursos:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:223769
Acesso em linha:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/223769
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37976-8
Access Level:acceso abierto
id ES_1e72fdb69b3da320ee20a1f42fe92e69
oai_identifier_str oai:ddd.uab.cat:223769
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
spelling Unique skull network complexity of Tyrannosaurus rex among land vertebratesWerneburg, Ingmar|||0000-0003-1359-2036Esteve-Altava, Borja|||0000-0002-6645-4684Araújo Bruno, Joana CatarinaTorres Ladeira, MartaDiogo, RuiLike other diapsids, Tyrannosaurus rex has two openings in the temporal skull region. In addition, like in other dinosaurs, its snout and lower jaw show large cranial fenestrae. In T. rex, they are thought to decrease skull weight, because, unlike most other amniotes, the skull proportion is immense compared to the body. Understanding morphofunctional complexity of this impressive skull architecture requires a broad scale phylogenetic comparison with skull types different to that of dinosaurs with fundamentally diverging cranial regionalization. Extant fully terrestrial vertebrates (amniotes) provide the best opportunities in that regard, as their skull performance is known from life. We apply for the first time anatomical network analysis to study skull bone integration and modular constructions in tyrannosaur and compare it with five representatives of the major amniote groups in order to get an understanding of the general patterns of amniote skull modularity. Our results reveal that the tyrannosaur has the most modular skull organization among the amniotes included in our study, with an unexpected separation of the snout in upper and lower sub-modules and the presence of a lower adductor chamber module. Independent pathways of bone reduction in opossum and chicken resulted in different degrees of cranial complexity with chicken having a typical sauropsidian pattern. The akinetic skull of opossum, alligator, and leatherback turtle evolved in independent ways mirrored in different patterns of skull modularity. Kinetic forms also show great diversity in modularity. The complex tyrannosaur skull modularity likely represents a refined mosaic of phylogenetic and ecological factors with food processing being probably most important for shaping its skull architecture. Mode of food processing primarily shaped skull integration among amniotes, however, phylogenetic patterns of skull integration are low in our sampling. Our general conclusions on amniote skull integrity are obviously preliminary and should be tested in subsequent studies. As such, this study provides a framework for future research focusing on the evolution of modularity on lower taxonomic levels. 22019-01-0120192019-01-01Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://ddd.uab.cat/record/223769https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37976-8reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UABinstname:Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddd.uab.cat:2237692026-06-06T12:50:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Unique skull network complexity of Tyrannosaurus rex among land vertebrates
title Unique skull network complexity of Tyrannosaurus rex among land vertebrates
spellingShingle Unique skull network complexity of Tyrannosaurus rex among land vertebrates
Werneburg, Ingmar|||0000-0003-1359-2036
title_short Unique skull network complexity of Tyrannosaurus rex among land vertebrates
title_full Unique skull network complexity of Tyrannosaurus rex among land vertebrates
title_fullStr Unique skull network complexity of Tyrannosaurus rex among land vertebrates
title_full_unstemmed Unique skull network complexity of Tyrannosaurus rex among land vertebrates
title_sort Unique skull network complexity of Tyrannosaurus rex among land vertebrates
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Werneburg, Ingmar|||0000-0003-1359-2036
Esteve-Altava, Borja|||0000-0002-6645-4684
Araújo Bruno, Joana Catarina
Torres Ladeira, Marta
Diogo, Rui
author Werneburg, Ingmar|||0000-0003-1359-2036
author_facet Werneburg, Ingmar|||0000-0003-1359-2036
Esteve-Altava, Borja|||0000-0002-6645-4684
Araújo Bruno, Joana Catarina
Torres Ladeira, Marta
Diogo, Rui
author_role author
author2 Esteve-Altava, Borja|||0000-0002-6645-4684
Araújo Bruno, Joana Catarina
Torres Ladeira, Marta
Diogo, Rui
author2_role author
author
author
author
description Like other diapsids, Tyrannosaurus rex has two openings in the temporal skull region. In addition, like in other dinosaurs, its snout and lower jaw show large cranial fenestrae. In T. rex, they are thought to decrease skull weight, because, unlike most other amniotes, the skull proportion is immense compared to the body. Understanding morphofunctional complexity of this impressive skull architecture requires a broad scale phylogenetic comparison with skull types different to that of dinosaurs with fundamentally diverging cranial regionalization. Extant fully terrestrial vertebrates (amniotes) provide the best opportunities in that regard, as their skull performance is known from life. We apply for the first time anatomical network analysis to study skull bone integration and modular constructions in tyrannosaur and compare it with five representatives of the major amniote groups in order to get an understanding of the general patterns of amniote skull modularity. Our results reveal that the tyrannosaur has the most modular skull organization among the amniotes included in our study, with an unexpected separation of the snout in upper and lower sub-modules and the presence of a lower adductor chamber module. Independent pathways of bone reduction in opossum and chicken resulted in different degrees of cranial complexity with chicken having a typical sauropsidian pattern. The akinetic skull of opossum, alligator, and leatherback turtle evolved in independent ways mirrored in different patterns of skull modularity. Kinetic forms also show great diversity in modularity. The complex tyrannosaur skull modularity likely represents a refined mosaic of phylogenetic and ecological factors with food processing being probably most important for shaping its skull architecture. Mode of food processing primarily shaped skull integration among amniotes, however, phylogenetic patterns of skull integration are low in our sampling. Our general conclusions on amniote skull integrity are obviously preliminary and should be tested in subsequent studies. As such, this study provides a framework for future research focusing on the evolution of modularity on lower taxonomic levels.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2
2019-01-01
2019
2019-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://ddd.uab.cat/record/223769
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37976-8
url https://ddd.uab.cat/record/223769
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37976-8
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
instname:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
instname_str Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
collection Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869404341542060032
score 15,301629

Registos relacionados