Procedure for Assessing the Suitability of Battery Second Life Applications after EV First Life

Using batteries after their first life in an Electric Vehicle (EV) represents an opportunity to reduce the environmental impact and increase the economic benefits before recycling the battery. Many different second life applications have been proposed, each with multiple criteria that have to be tak...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Montes Torre, Tomás|||0000-0001-9089-9133, Etxandi Santolaya, Maite|||0000-0001-6030-6990, Eichman, Josh, Ferreira Ferreira, Victor José, Trilla Romero, Lluís|||0000-0002-7586-3834, Corchero García, Cristina|||0000-0002-8465-0830
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/373451
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/373451
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8090122
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Automobiles -- Batteries -- Recycling
Bateries d'ió liti
Second life
Lithium-ion battery
Battery life cycle
Battery assessment
Energy storage system
Electric vehicle
Automòbils -- Bateries -- Reciclatge
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Tecnologia energètica
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Enginyeria ambiental::Tractament dels residus
Descripción
Sumario:Using batteries after their first life in an Electric Vehicle (EV) represents an opportunity to reduce the environmental impact and increase the economic benefits before recycling the battery. Many different second life applications have been proposed, each with multiple criteria that have to be taken into consideration when deciding the most suitable course of action. In this article, a battery assessment procedure is proposed that consolidates and expands upon the approaches in the literature, and facilitates the decision-making process for a battery after it has reached the end of its first life. The procedure is composed of three stages, including an evaluation of the state of the battery, an evaluation of the technical viability and an economic evaluation. Options for battery configurations are explored (pack direct use, stack of battery packs, module direct use, pack refurbish with modules, pack refurbish with cells). By comparing these configurations with the technical requirements for second life applications, a reader can rapidly understand the tradeoffs and practical strategies for how best to implement second life batteries for their specific application. Lastly, an economic evaluation process is developed to determine the cost of implementing various second life battery configurations and the revenue for different end use applications. An example of the battery assessment procedure is included to demonstrate how it could be carried out.