Discovery of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in the Tidal Disruption Event and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter AT2022upj: Implications for the QPE/TDE Fraction and a Connection to ECLEs

Quasiperiodic eruptions (QPEs) are recurring soft X-ray transients emerging from the vicinity of supermassive black holes in nearby, low-mass galaxy nuclei; about 10 QPE hosts have been identified thus far. Here we report the NICER discovery of QPEs in the optically selected tidal disruption event (...

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Authors: Chakraborty, Joheen, Kara, Erin, Arcodia, Riccardo, Buchner, Johannes, Giustini, Margherita, Hernández-García, Lorena, Linial, Itai, Masterson, Megan, Miniutti, Giovanni, Mummery, Andrew, Panagiotou, Christos, Quintin, Erwan, Sánchez-Sáez, Paula
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2025
Country:España
Institution:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repository:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/412695
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/412695
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003541111
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Supermassive black holes
X-ray astronomy
High energy astrophysics
Transient sources
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spelling Discovery of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in the Tidal Disruption Event and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter AT2022upj: Implications for the QPE/TDE Fraction and a Connection to ECLEsChakraborty, JoheenKara, ErinArcodia, RiccardoBuchner, JohannesGiustini, MargheritaHernández-García, LorenaLinial, ItaiMasterson, MeganMiniutti, GiovanniMummery, AndrewPanagiotou, ChristosQuintin, ErwanSánchez-Sáez, PaulaSupermassive black holesX-ray astronomyHigh energy astrophysicsTransient sourcesQuasiperiodic eruptions (QPEs) are recurring soft X-ray transients emerging from the vicinity of supermassive black holes in nearby, low-mass galaxy nuclei; about 10 QPE hosts have been identified thus far. Here we report the NICER discovery of QPEs in the optically selected tidal disruption event (TDE) and extreme coronal line emitter (ECLE) AT2022upj, exhibiting a large spread in recurrence times from 0.5–3.5 days, durations from 0.3–1 days, peak luminosities from 1042.5−43.0 erg s−1, and erratic flare profiles. A wealth of evidence now links at least some QPEs to the newly formed accretion flows emerging from TDEs; AT2022upj is the third QPE reported in an optically discovered TDE. Marginalizing over the uncertain distributions of QPE peak luminosity, recurrence time, delay after TDE peak, and lifetime, we use the burgeoning sample to make a Bayesian estimate that the fraction of optical TDEs resulting in QPEs within 5 yr post-disruption is %. Along with AT2019qiz, AT2022upj also marks the second of the three optical TDE+X-ray QPEs showing coronal line emission, suggesting ECLEs may represent a subset of TDEs particularly efficient at forming QPEs and/or that sustained QPE X-ray emission contributes to coronal line emission in some galactic nuclei.M.G. is funded by Spanish MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 grant PID2019-107061GB-C61. G.M. thanks the Spanish MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF/EU grant PID2023-147338NB-C21 for support. I.L. acknowledges support from a Rothschild Fellowship and The Gruber Foundation, as well as Simons Investigator grant 827103. L.H.G. acknowledges funding from ANID programs: FONDECYT Iniciación 11241477, and Millennium Science Initiative Programs NCN2023_002 and AIM23-0001.Peer reviewedAmerican Astronomical SocietyIOP PublishingMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Gruber FoundationAgencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile)Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202620262025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/412695https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003541111reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-107061GB-C61info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-147338NB-C21The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc2f8https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc2f8Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4126952026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Discovery of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in the Tidal Disruption Event and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter AT2022upj: Implications for the QPE/TDE Fraction and a Connection to ECLEs
title Discovery of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in the Tidal Disruption Event and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter AT2022upj: Implications for the QPE/TDE Fraction and a Connection to ECLEs
spellingShingle Discovery of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in the Tidal Disruption Event and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter AT2022upj: Implications for the QPE/TDE Fraction and a Connection to ECLEs
Chakraborty, Joheen
Supermassive black holes
X-ray astronomy
High energy astrophysics
Transient sources
title_short Discovery of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in the Tidal Disruption Event and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter AT2022upj: Implications for the QPE/TDE Fraction and a Connection to ECLEs
title_full Discovery of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in the Tidal Disruption Event and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter AT2022upj: Implications for the QPE/TDE Fraction and a Connection to ECLEs
title_fullStr Discovery of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in the Tidal Disruption Event and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter AT2022upj: Implications for the QPE/TDE Fraction and a Connection to ECLEs
title_full_unstemmed Discovery of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in the Tidal Disruption Event and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter AT2022upj: Implications for the QPE/TDE Fraction and a Connection to ECLEs
title_sort Discovery of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in the Tidal Disruption Event and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter AT2022upj: Implications for the QPE/TDE Fraction and a Connection to ECLEs
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Chakraborty, Joheen
Kara, Erin
Arcodia, Riccardo
Buchner, Johannes
Giustini, Margherita
Hernández-García, Lorena
Linial, Itai
Masterson, Megan
Miniutti, Giovanni
Mummery, Andrew
Panagiotou, Christos
Quintin, Erwan
Sánchez-Sáez, Paula
author Chakraborty, Joheen
author_facet Chakraborty, Joheen
Kara, Erin
Arcodia, Riccardo
Buchner, Johannes
Giustini, Margherita
Hernández-García, Lorena
Linial, Itai
Masterson, Megan
Miniutti, Giovanni
Mummery, Andrew
Panagiotou, Christos
Quintin, Erwan
Sánchez-Sáez, Paula
author_role author
author2 Kara, Erin
Arcodia, Riccardo
Buchner, Johannes
Giustini, Margherita
Hernández-García, Lorena
Linial, Itai
Masterson, Megan
Miniutti, Giovanni
Mummery, Andrew
Panagiotou, Christos
Quintin, Erwan
Sánchez-Sáez, Paula
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Gruber Foundation
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile)
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Supermassive black holes
X-ray astronomy
High energy astrophysics
Transient sources
topic Supermassive black holes
X-ray astronomy
High energy astrophysics
Transient sources
description Quasiperiodic eruptions (QPEs) are recurring soft X-ray transients emerging from the vicinity of supermassive black holes in nearby, low-mass galaxy nuclei; about 10 QPE hosts have been identified thus far. Here we report the NICER discovery of QPEs in the optically selected tidal disruption event (TDE) and extreme coronal line emitter (ECLE) AT2022upj, exhibiting a large spread in recurrence times from 0.5–3.5 days, durations from 0.3–1 days, peak luminosities from 1042.5−43.0 erg s−1, and erratic flare profiles. A wealth of evidence now links at least some QPEs to the newly formed accretion flows emerging from TDEs; AT2022upj is the third QPE reported in an optically discovered TDE. Marginalizing over the uncertain distributions of QPE peak luminosity, recurrence time, delay after TDE peak, and lifetime, we use the burgeoning sample to make a Bayesian estimate that the fraction of optical TDEs resulting in QPEs within 5 yr post-disruption is %. Along with AT2019qiz, AT2022upj also marks the second of the three optical TDE+X-ray QPEs showing coronal line emission, suggesting ECLEs may represent a subset of TDEs particularly efficient at forming QPEs and/or that sustained QPE X-ray emission contributes to coronal line emission in some galactic nuclei.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/412695
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003541111
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/412695
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003541111
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-107061GB-C61
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-147338NB-C21
The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc2f8
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc2f8
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Astronomical Society
IOP Publishing
publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Astronomical Society
IOP Publishing
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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