Multiplex real-time PCR in non-invasive respiratory samples to reduce antibiotic use in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomised trial

We assessed whether multiplex real-time PCR plus conventional microbiological testing is safe and more effective than conventional microbiological testing alone for reducing antibiotic use in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In this randomised trial, we recruited adults hospitalised with CAP at f...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Abelenda Alonso, Gabriela, Calatayud, Laura, Rombauts, Alexander, Meije, Yolanda, Oriol, Isabel, Sopena, Nieves, Padullés Zamora, Ariadna, Niubó, Jordi, Duarte, Alejandra, Llaberia Marcual, Jaume, Aranda Lobo, Judit, Gudiol González, Carlota, Satorra Herbera, Pau, Tebé, Cristian, Ardanuy Tisaire, María Carmen, Carratalà, Jordi
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2024
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Barcelona
Repositório:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
OAI Identifier:oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/215891
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/215891
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Pneumònia
Antibiòtics
Medicaments antibacterians
Infeccions
Pneumonia
Antibiotics
Antibacterial agents
Infections
Descrição
Resumo:We assessed whether multiplex real-time PCR plus conventional microbiological testing is safe and more effective than conventional microbiological testing alone for reducing antibiotic use in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In this randomised trial, we recruited adults hospitalised with CAP at four Spanish hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to undergo either multiplex real-time PCR in non-invasive respiratory samples plus conventional microbiological testing or conventional microbiological testing alone. The primary endpoint was antibiotic use measured by days of antibiotic therapy (DOT). Between February 20, 2020, and April 24, 2023, 242 patients were enrolled; 119 were randomly assigned to multiplex real-time PCR plus conventional microbiological testing and 123 to conventional microbiological testing alone. All but one of the patients allocated to multiplex real-time PCR plus conventional microbiological testing underwent PCR, which was performed in sputum samples in 77 patients (65.2%) and in nasopharyngeal swabs in 41 (34.7%). The median DOT was 10.04 (IQR 7.98, 12.94) in the multiplex PCR plus conventional microbiological testing group and 11.33 (IQR 8.15, 16.16) in the conventional microbiological testing alone group (difference -1.04; 95% CI, -2.42 to 0.17; p = 0.093). No differences were observed in adverse events and 30-day mortality. Our findings do not support the routine implementation of multiplex real-time PCR in the initial microbiological testing in hospitalised patients with CAP.