The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): Overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols

The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-t...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Andreae, M. O., Acevedo, O. C., Araùjo, A., Artaxo, P., Barbosa, C. G.G., Barbosa, H. M.J., Brito, J., Carbone, S., Chi, X., Cintra, B. B.L., Da Silva, N. F., Dias, N. L., Dias-Júnior, C. Q., Ditas, F., Ditz, R., Godoi, A. F.L., Godoi, R. H.M., Heimann, M., Hoffmann, T., Kesselmeier, J., Könemann, T., Krüger, M. L., Lavric, J. V., Manzi, A. O., Lopes, A. P., Martins, D. L., Mikhailov, E. F., Moran-Zuloaga, D., Nelson, B. W., Nölscher, A. C., Santos Nogueira, D., Piedade, M. T.F., Pöhlker, C., Pöschl, U., Quesada, C. A., Rizzo, L. V., Ro, C. U., Ruckteschler, N., Sá, L. D.A., De Oliveira Sá, M., Sales, C. B., Dos Santos, R. M.N., Saturno, J., Schöngart, J., Sörgel, M., De Souza, C. M., De Souza, R. A.F., Su, H., Targhetta, N., Tóta, J., Trebs, I., Trumbore, S., Van Eijck, A., Walter, D., Wang, Z., Weber, B., Williams, J., Winderlich, J., Wittmann, F., Wolff, S., Yáñez-Serrano, Ana María
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2015
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/412833
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/412833
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84942764996
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)
Amazonian rainforest
Aerosols
Gases
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/9
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/11
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/7
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/12
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Descrição
Resumo:The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future. <br><br> The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO<inf>2</inf>, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site.

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