Source apportionment of PM10 based on offline chemical speciation data at 24 European sites
This study applied Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to PM<inf>10</inf> speciation datasets from 24 urban sites across six European countries (France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland) to perform a detailed source apportionment (SA) analysis. By using a consistent source...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/395556 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/395556 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105010057665 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | PM10 Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) http://metadata.un.org/sdg/11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable |
| Sumario: | This study applied Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to PM<inf>10</inf> speciation datasets from 24 urban sites across six European countries (France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland) to perform a detailed source apportionment (SA) analysis. By using a consistent source apportionment tool for all datasets, the study enhances the comparability of PM<inf>10</inf> SA results across urban Europe. The results identified seven major PM<inf>10</inf> sources including road traffic, biomass burning, crustal/mineral sources, secondary aerosols, industrial emissions, sea salt, and heavy oil combustion (HOC). Road traffic emerged as the predominant source of PM<inf>10</inf> in urban areas, with contributions varying by location, but representing as much as 41% in high-traffic zones. Biomass burning was detected at 23 sites, contributing 8% to 41% on yearly averages, with substantial increase in winter. Crustal sources were present at all sites (3–33%). Industrial sources contributed relatively less PM<inf>10</inf> mass, which was identified at 10 sites with contributions ranging from 2% to 14%. Secondary inorganic and organic aerosol, consisting primarily of ammonium nitrates and sulfates, and organic matter, formed a portion of the PM<inf>10</inf> mass (5–41%). These secondary factors are primarily influenced by anthropogenic emissions, including the various combustion processes. Sea salt, predominantly found in coastal areas, contributed between 4% and 21%, reflecting the impact of the marine environments on air quality. This source was very often ‘aged’ (mixed with anthropogenic pollutants from different origins). Additionally, HOC, especially emits from shipping activities, and traced by V and Ni, was also a frequent contributing source (2–15% for 9 sites), indicating a need for more stringent emission controls. The chemical comparison is performed which indicates road traffic and secondary aerosols, showed consistent chemical profiles across sites, while industrial, HOC, and crustal sources displayed significant site-specific variability. These findings underscore the need for tailored air quality strategies according to local sources of emissions and the importance of long-term PM speciation monitoring for effective pollution control. |
|---|