Hans Scharoun y la ciudad orgánica: otra mirada al fenómeno urbano moderno
(English) German architect Hans Scharoun's (1893-1972) body of work (written, drawn and constructed) pays careful attention to the urban phenomenon of the modern city. One of the aims of this study is to indicate Scharoun's journey to rethink the city in a way which differed from that whic...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2024 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | CBUC, CESCA |
| Repositorio: | TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/693738 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10803/693738 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-425153 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Urbanisme Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Arquitectura 71 72 |
| Sumario: | (English) German architect Hans Scharoun's (1893-1972) body of work (written, drawn and constructed) pays careful attention to the urban phenomenon of the modern city. One of the aims of this study is to indicate Scharoun's journey to rethink the city in a way which differed from that which was proposed by the neue Sachlichkeit or by the Charter of Athens in order to propose an organic approach which was similar to the approach taken by Hugo Häring, whose work held in high regard. In order to demonstrate Scharoun's continued interest in urban matters, the doctoral thesis will be structured into two parts. The first studies the architect's urban projects in chronological order up until the outbreak of WWII and the second explores postwar Scharoun's key concepts of urban matters. The impact of Camillo Sitte's work on Scharoun is reflected in the Dortmund and Prenzlau competitions which took place in 1919, his entry into expressionist circles is reflected in the glimpses of the Stadtkrone drawn for Gelsenkirchen (1920) and his definitive conversion to the principles of organicism becomes apparent in the competitions for Königsberg (1922) and Bochum (1925). Scharoun's return to Berlin throws him into the creative whirlwind of the great modern metropolis. He participated in the Friedrichstraße competition (1921), the ministerial gardens competition (1927) and the Reichstag extension competition (1927). Likewise, he built his first residential developments with private developers that would lead to his great commission of the interwar period, the Groβsiedlung Siemensstadt (1929-30). The organic and expressionist architecture of the German Neues Bauen in the interwar period lays the foundations for a new concept of city after the Second World War, alongside a need for the German culture to be rebuilt and a physically and mentally drained continent awaiting a social reformulation to redeem it. Hans Scharoun stood out amongst his peers for remaining in Germany during and after the Second World War. Within him the theoretical concepts of medieval city construction and baroque updated by Camillo Sitte, Hugo Häring's theories on organic architecture and new visions of the world of philosophers such as Jean Gebser or Ernst Cassirer come together to be able to propose not only a new architecture, but also a new vision of urban planning based on historical, human and spatial values. This research maintains that this new urban order arises from the concepts of Aperspective space outlined by Jean Gebser, of treating the city like a Satdtlandschaft (urban landscape) being manageable from the medium scale proposed by Scharoun via his design of the Wohnzelle (dwelling cells), first proposed in Friedrichshain and later of the Wohngehöfte (dwelling homesteads) in Charlottenburg-Nord. It also examines the mutative transformation in all possible scales at the moment of design and of the ever-present idea of a Raum der Mitte (central space) to which the whole design refers via the regulating lines. The thesis recovers three texts which have been left out of Scharoun's historiography, but which were published in Medizin und Städtebau (1957): "The urban structure and its transformation throughout history", "Organizational principles and concepts that can lead to urban structure" and "The meaning of spatial structure for the future of the city". Within these the mature Scharoun brings together his concern for a holistic explanation of the urban form, its transformation over time and its geographical scope as a mental framework to redesign the city. Hans Scharoun slowly decanted a theory and certain urban practices denoting the conditions for a new "organic" city, but also paved the way for a deontology of public space in a city that aspired to be more humane. |
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