Diplodia sapinea as a contributing factor in the crown dieback of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) after a severe drought

The frequency and impact of drought on global ecosystems have increased within the last century, while drought has affected tree health in many regions. Diplodia sapinea is a widespread, opportunistic pathogen infecting most conifers, causing Diplodia tip blight, thriving on hosts impacted by stress...

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Autores: Brodde, Laura, Stein Åslund, Matilda, Elfstrand, Malin, Oliva Palau, Jonàs, Wågström, Karin, Stenlid, Jan
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
Repositorio:Repositori Obert UdL
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/464382
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121436
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464382
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Defoliation
Diplodia tip blight
Drought recovery
Patògens
Sphaeropsis sapinea
Malalties bacterianes
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spelling Diplodia sapinea as a contributing factor in the crown dieback of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) after a severe droughtBrodde, LauraStein Åslund, MatildaElfstrand, MalinOliva Palau, JonàsWågström, KarinStenlid, JanDefoliationDiplodia tip blightDrought recoveryPatògensSphaeropsis sapineaMalalties bacterianesThe frequency and impact of drought on global ecosystems have increased within the last century, while drought has affected tree health in many regions. Diplodia sapinea is a widespread, opportunistic pathogen infecting most conifers, causing Diplodia tip blight, thriving on hosts impacted by stress such as drought, heat, or mechanical wounding. In summer of 2018, a large-scale drought was recorded all over Europe. In late summer, pine trees all over Gotland showed crown dieback, where necrotic twigs and needles were found, especially in the upper part of the crowns. Symptoms were consistent with a potential outbreak of D. sapinea. Effects of the combination of drought and Diplodia tip blight on mortality or recovery of Scots pine in Nordic conditions are unknown. This study confirmed the presence and potential contribution of D. sapinea in the observed damages of Scots pine. Shoot blight and drought led to crown defoliation which was observed one year post-drought, while trees showed a clear recovery of newly grown shoots within the second year. Severely affected pines (>70% of the upper third of the crown with shoot blight) showed increased mortality. Recovery of the surviving trees was independent of previous dieback levels. Diplodia sapinea was most abundant in twigs with shoot blight of the symptomatic trees compared to healthy-looking twigs from the same trees and asymptomatic trees in affected and healthy pine stands. Sampling on affected and healthy sites showed possible endophytic infections with low abundance within healthy-looking twigs. Spore deposition of D. sapinea was monitored on healthy and affected sites for two consecutive years after crown damages occurred to confirm the presence of the opportunistic pathogen in the affected region. Spore deposition was observed during all seasons and correlated with high precipitation during sampling. Our observations provide insights into the emergence of Diplodia tip blight in the Northern countries and underline the potential impact of D. sapinea on tree health in the course of a changing climate.Funding was provided by grants from The Swedish Research Council FORMAS (registration number 2017-00626) and The Carl Trygger Foundation to JS.Elsevier2023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121436https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464382reponame:Repositori Obert UdL instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)InglésReproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121436Forest Ecology and Management, 2023, vol. 549, núm. 121436, p. 1-9cc-by (c) Brodde et al., 2023Attribution 4.0 Internationalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4643822026-06-24T12:42:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Diplodia sapinea as a contributing factor in the crown dieback of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) after a severe drought
title Diplodia sapinea as a contributing factor in the crown dieback of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) after a severe drought
spellingShingle Diplodia sapinea as a contributing factor in the crown dieback of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) after a severe drought
Brodde, Laura
Defoliation
Diplodia tip blight
Drought recovery
Patògens
Sphaeropsis sapinea
Malalties bacterianes
title_short Diplodia sapinea as a contributing factor in the crown dieback of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) after a severe drought
title_full Diplodia sapinea as a contributing factor in the crown dieback of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) after a severe drought
title_fullStr Diplodia sapinea as a contributing factor in the crown dieback of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) after a severe drought
title_full_unstemmed Diplodia sapinea as a contributing factor in the crown dieback of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) after a severe drought
title_sort Diplodia sapinea as a contributing factor in the crown dieback of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) after a severe drought
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Brodde, Laura
Stein Åslund, Matilda
Elfstrand, Malin
Oliva Palau, Jonàs
Wågström, Karin
Stenlid, Jan
author Brodde, Laura
author_facet Brodde, Laura
Stein Åslund, Matilda
Elfstrand, Malin
Oliva Palau, Jonàs
Wågström, Karin
Stenlid, Jan
author_role author
author2 Stein Åslund, Matilda
Elfstrand, Malin
Oliva Palau, Jonàs
Wågström, Karin
Stenlid, Jan
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Defoliation
Diplodia tip blight
Drought recovery
Patògens
Sphaeropsis sapinea
Malalties bacterianes
topic Defoliation
Diplodia tip blight
Drought recovery
Patògens
Sphaeropsis sapinea
Malalties bacterianes
description The frequency and impact of drought on global ecosystems have increased within the last century, while drought has affected tree health in many regions. Diplodia sapinea is a widespread, opportunistic pathogen infecting most conifers, causing Diplodia tip blight, thriving on hosts impacted by stress such as drought, heat, or mechanical wounding. In summer of 2018, a large-scale drought was recorded all over Europe. In late summer, pine trees all over Gotland showed crown dieback, where necrotic twigs and needles were found, especially in the upper part of the crowns. Symptoms were consistent with a potential outbreak of D. sapinea. Effects of the combination of drought and Diplodia tip blight on mortality or recovery of Scots pine in Nordic conditions are unknown. This study confirmed the presence and potential contribution of D. sapinea in the observed damages of Scots pine. Shoot blight and drought led to crown defoliation which was observed one year post-drought, while trees showed a clear recovery of newly grown shoots within the second year. Severely affected pines (>70% of the upper third of the crown with shoot blight) showed increased mortality. Recovery of the surviving trees was independent of previous dieback levels. Diplodia sapinea was most abundant in twigs with shoot blight of the symptomatic trees compared to healthy-looking twigs from the same trees and asymptomatic trees in affected and healthy pine stands. Sampling on affected and healthy sites showed possible endophytic infections with low abundance within healthy-looking twigs. Spore deposition of D. sapinea was monitored on healthy and affected sites for two consecutive years after crown damages occurred to confirm the presence of the opportunistic pathogen in the affected region. Spore deposition was observed during all seasons and correlated with high precipitation during sampling. Our observations provide insights into the emergence of Diplodia tip blight in the Northern countries and underline the potential impact of D. sapinea on tree health in the course of a changing climate.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121436
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464382
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121436
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464382
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121436
Forest Ecology and Management, 2023, vol. 549, núm. 121436, p. 1-9
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by (c) Brodde et al., 2023
Attribution 4.0 International
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by (c) Brodde et al., 2023
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositori Obert UdL
instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
instname_str Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
reponame_str Repositori Obert UdL
collection Repositori Obert UdL
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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