Submillimetre photometry of X-ray absorbed quasi-stellar objects: their formation and evolutionary status

We present an analysis of the submillimetre/X-ray properties of 19 X-ray absorbed, Compton-thin quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) selected to have luminosities and redshifts that represent the peak of cosmic QSO activity, i.e. ∼ L* objects at 1 < z < 3. Of these, we present new data for 11 objects...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Stevens, J. A., Page, Matt, Ivison, R. J., Carrera, Francisco J., Mittaz, J. P. D., Smail, Ian, McHardy, I. M.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2005
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/170088
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/170088
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Galaxies: formation
X-ray galaxies
Galaxies: evolution
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spelling Submillimetre photometry of X-ray absorbed quasi-stellar objects: their formation and evolutionary statusStevens, J. A.Page, MattIvison, R. J.Carrera, Francisco J.Mittaz, J. P. D.Smail, IanMcHardy, I. M.Galaxies: formationX-ray galaxiesGalaxies: evolutionWe present an analysis of the submillimetre/X-ray properties of 19 X-ray absorbed, Compton-thin quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) selected to have luminosities and redshifts that represent the peak of cosmic QSO activity, i.e. ∼ L* objects at 1 < z < 3. Of these, we present new data for 11 objects not previously observed at submillimetre wavelengths and additional data for a further three. The detection rate is 42 per cent, much higher than typically reported for samples of QSOs. Detection statistics show (at the 3-4σ level) that this sample of absorbed QSOs has a higher submillimetre output than a matched sample of unabsorbed QSOs. We argue that the farinfrared luminosity is produced by massive star formation. In this case, the correlation found between far-infrared luminosity and redshift can be interpreted as cosmological evolution of the star formation rate in the QSO host galaxies. Because the submillimetre luminous phase is confined to z > 1.5, the high star formation rates are consistent with a scenario in which the QSOs evolve to become local luminous elliptical galaxies. Combining these results with previously published data for X-ray unabsorbed QSOs and submillimetre-selected galaxies, we propose the following evolutionary sequence: (i) the forming galaxy is initially far-infrared luminous but X-ray weak similar to the sources discovered by the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA); (ii) as the black hole and spheroid grow with time, a point is reached when the central QSO becomes powerful enough to terminate the star formation and eject the bulk of the fuel supply (the Compton-thin absorbed QSO phase); (iii) this transition is followed by a period of unobscured QSO activity, which subsequently declines to leave a quiescent spheroidal galaxy.FJC acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Cienca y Technología, under project ESP2003-00812. IS acknowledges support from the Royal Society.Peer ReviewedRoyal Astronomical SocietyOxford University PressRoyal Society (UK)Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2018201820052018info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/170088reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09051.xSíinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1700882026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Submillimetre photometry of X-ray absorbed quasi-stellar objects: their formation and evolutionary status
title Submillimetre photometry of X-ray absorbed quasi-stellar objects: their formation and evolutionary status
spellingShingle Submillimetre photometry of X-ray absorbed quasi-stellar objects: their formation and evolutionary status
Stevens, J. A.
Galaxies: formation
X-ray galaxies
Galaxies: evolution
title_short Submillimetre photometry of X-ray absorbed quasi-stellar objects: their formation and evolutionary status
title_full Submillimetre photometry of X-ray absorbed quasi-stellar objects: their formation and evolutionary status
title_fullStr Submillimetre photometry of X-ray absorbed quasi-stellar objects: their formation and evolutionary status
title_full_unstemmed Submillimetre photometry of X-ray absorbed quasi-stellar objects: their formation and evolutionary status
title_sort Submillimetre photometry of X-ray absorbed quasi-stellar objects: their formation and evolutionary status
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Stevens, J. A.
Page, Matt
Ivison, R. J.
Carrera, Francisco J.
Mittaz, J. P. D.
Smail, Ian
McHardy, I. M.
author Stevens, J. A.
author_facet Stevens, J. A.
Page, Matt
Ivison, R. J.
Carrera, Francisco J.
Mittaz, J. P. D.
Smail, Ian
McHardy, I. M.
author_role author
author2 Page, Matt
Ivison, R. J.
Carrera, Francisco J.
Mittaz, J. P. D.
Smail, Ian
McHardy, I. M.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Royal Society (UK)
Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Galaxies: formation
X-ray galaxies
Galaxies: evolution
topic Galaxies: formation
X-ray galaxies
Galaxies: evolution
description We present an analysis of the submillimetre/X-ray properties of 19 X-ray absorbed, Compton-thin quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) selected to have luminosities and redshifts that represent the peak of cosmic QSO activity, i.e. ∼ L* objects at 1 < z < 3. Of these, we present new data for 11 objects not previously observed at submillimetre wavelengths and additional data for a further three. The detection rate is 42 per cent, much higher than typically reported for samples of QSOs. Detection statistics show (at the 3-4σ level) that this sample of absorbed QSOs has a higher submillimetre output than a matched sample of unabsorbed QSOs. We argue that the farinfrared luminosity is produced by massive star formation. In this case, the correlation found between far-infrared luminosity and redshift can be interpreted as cosmological evolution of the star formation rate in the QSO host galaxies. Because the submillimetre luminous phase is confined to z > 1.5, the high star formation rates are consistent with a scenario in which the QSOs evolve to become local luminous elliptical galaxies. Combining these results with previously published data for X-ray unabsorbed QSOs and submillimetre-selected galaxies, we propose the following evolutionary sequence: (i) the forming galaxy is initially far-infrared luminous but X-ray weak similar to the sources discovered by the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA); (ii) as the black hole and spheroid grow with time, a point is reached when the central QSO becomes powerful enough to terminate the star formation and eject the bulk of the fuel supply (the Compton-thin absorbed QSO phase); (iii) this transition is followed by a period of unobscured QSO activity, which subsequently declines to leave a quiescent spheroidal galaxy.
publishDate 2005
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2005
2018
2018
2018
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/170088
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/170088
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09051.x
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Royal Astronomical Society
Oxford University Press
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Royal Astronomical Society
Oxford University Press
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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