Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundEmerging evidence highlights that diet dynamically shapes the gut microbiome, which in turn influences cognitive function through bidirectional gut-brain communication, offering a promising target for mitigating cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. While the Mediterranean die...

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Autores: Ni, JQ, Hernández-Cacho, A, Nishi, SK, Babio, N, Belzer, C, Konstati, P, Vioque, J, Corella, D, Castañer, O, Vidal, J, Moreno-Indias, I, Torres-Collado, L, Coltell, O, Fito, M, Ruiz-Canela, M, Wang, DD, Tinahones, FJ, Salas-Salvado, J
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL)
Repositorio:r-ISABIAL. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:isabial_____::625f65c62ebbdd7aeee7924720aca4dc
Acesso em linha:https://isabial.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones12556
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12916-025-04488-y?utm_source=getftr&utm_medium=getftr&utm_campaign=getftr_pilot&getft_integrator=clarivate
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)
Gut microbiota
Cognitive decline
Cognitive function
Microbiota-gut-brain axis
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repository_id_str
spelling Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort studyNi, JQHernández-Cacho, ANishi, SKBabio, NBelzer, CKonstati, PVioque, JCorella, DCastañer, OVidal, JMoreno-Indias, ITorres-Collado, LColtell, OFito, MRuiz-Canela, MWang, DDTinahones, FJSalas-Salvado, JMediterranean diet (MedDiet)Gut microbiotaCognitive declineCognitive functionMicrobiota-gut-brain axisBackgroundEmerging evidence highlights that diet dynamically shapes the gut microbiome, which in turn influences cognitive function through bidirectional gut-brain communication, offering a promising target for mitigating cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. While the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a well-established dietary pattern with demonstrated neuroprotective benefits, the interplay between MedDiet adherence, gut microbiota, and longitudinal cognitive trajectories remains poorly understood. We aimed to identify a gut microbial signature of the MedDiet adherence and prospectively examine the associations of MedDiet adherence and MedDiet gut microbial signature (MedDiet-GMS) with cognitive changes over time in older adults at high risk of cognitive decline.MethodsThis study included 746 participants (mean age 65 +/- 5 years, 48% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed using a validated 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Baseline gut microbiota composition was profiled via 16S rRNA sequencing. Cognitive function was evaluated at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 years using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Elastic net regressions were applied to derive a MedDiet-GMS, and linear mixed models were used to assess associations of both MEDAS and MedDiet-GMS with trajectories of cognitive function, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsHigher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with greater gut microbial diversity (p < 0.05) and distinct microbial composition (PERMANOVA, p = 0.001). The MedDiet-GMS comprised 20 taxa, including short-chain fatty acid-producers (e.g., Barnesiella, Butyricicoccus) positively weighted and pro-inflammatory taxa (e.g., Eggerthella) negatively weighted. Both higher MEDAS scores (p = 0.007) and MedDiet-GMS (p = 0.036) were independently associated with slower global cognitive decline. The MedDiet-GMS was additionally linked to preserved executive function (p = 0.049), while MEDAS was associated with attenuated general cognitive decline (p = 0.028). Eggerthella, inversely associated with MedDiet adherence, was linked to greater executive function decline (FDR < 0.05).ConclusionsGreater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a favorable gut microbiota profile and slower cognitive decline over 6-year of follow-up. A microbiome-derived signature of MedDiet adherence was prospectively associated with favorable cognitive trajectories in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. External validation and experimental research are warranted to translate these findings into targeted microbiome-based dietary interventions for healthy cognitive aging.BMC2025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://isabial.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones12556https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12916-025-04488-y?utm_source=getftr&utm_medium=getftr&utm_campaign=getftr_pilot&getft_integrator=clarivateBMC MedicineISSN: 17417015reponame:r-ISABIAL. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicanteinstname:Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:isabial_____::625f65c62ebbdd7aeee7924720aca4dc2026-06-12T10:20:37Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study
title Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study
spellingShingle Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study
Ni, JQ
Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)
Gut microbiota
Cognitive decline
Cognitive function
Microbiota-gut-brain axis
title_short Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study
title_full Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study
title_sort Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ni, JQ
Hernández-Cacho, A
Nishi, SK
Babio, N
Belzer, C
Konstati, P
Vioque, J
Corella, D
Castañer, O
Vidal, J
Moreno-Indias, I
Torres-Collado, L
Coltell, O
Fito, M
Ruiz-Canela, M
Wang, DD
Tinahones, FJ
Salas-Salvado, J
author Ni, JQ
author_facet Ni, JQ
Hernández-Cacho, A
Nishi, SK
Babio, N
Belzer, C
Konstati, P
Vioque, J
Corella, D
Castañer, O
Vidal, J
Moreno-Indias, I
Torres-Collado, L
Coltell, O
Fito, M
Ruiz-Canela, M
Wang, DD
Tinahones, FJ
Salas-Salvado, J
author_role author
author2 Hernández-Cacho, A
Nishi, SK
Babio, N
Belzer, C
Konstati, P
Vioque, J
Corella, D
Castañer, O
Vidal, J
Moreno-Indias, I
Torres-Collado, L
Coltell, O
Fito, M
Ruiz-Canela, M
Wang, DD
Tinahones, FJ
Salas-Salvado, J
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)
Gut microbiota
Cognitive decline
Cognitive function
Microbiota-gut-brain axis
topic Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)
Gut microbiota
Cognitive decline
Cognitive function
Microbiota-gut-brain axis
description BackgroundEmerging evidence highlights that diet dynamically shapes the gut microbiome, which in turn influences cognitive function through bidirectional gut-brain communication, offering a promising target for mitigating cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. While the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a well-established dietary pattern with demonstrated neuroprotective benefits, the interplay between MedDiet adherence, gut microbiota, and longitudinal cognitive trajectories remains poorly understood. We aimed to identify a gut microbial signature of the MedDiet adherence and prospectively examine the associations of MedDiet adherence and MedDiet gut microbial signature (MedDiet-GMS) with cognitive changes over time in older adults at high risk of cognitive decline.MethodsThis study included 746 participants (mean age 65 +/- 5 years, 48% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed using a validated 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Baseline gut microbiota composition was profiled via 16S rRNA sequencing. Cognitive function was evaluated at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 years using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Elastic net regressions were applied to derive a MedDiet-GMS, and linear mixed models were used to assess associations of both MEDAS and MedDiet-GMS with trajectories of cognitive function, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsHigher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with greater gut microbial diversity (p < 0.05) and distinct microbial composition (PERMANOVA, p = 0.001). The MedDiet-GMS comprised 20 taxa, including short-chain fatty acid-producers (e.g., Barnesiella, Butyricicoccus) positively weighted and pro-inflammatory taxa (e.g., Eggerthella) negatively weighted. Both higher MEDAS scores (p = 0.007) and MedDiet-GMS (p = 0.036) were independently associated with slower global cognitive decline. The MedDiet-GMS was additionally linked to preserved executive function (p = 0.049), while MEDAS was associated with attenuated general cognitive decline (p = 0.028). Eggerthella, inversely associated with MedDiet adherence, was linked to greater executive function decline (FDR < 0.05).ConclusionsGreater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a favorable gut microbiota profile and slower cognitive decline over 6-year of follow-up. A microbiome-derived signature of MedDiet adherence was prospectively associated with favorable cognitive trajectories in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. External validation and experimental research are warranted to translate these findings into targeted microbiome-based dietary interventions for healthy cognitive aging.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://isabial.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones12556
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12916-025-04488-y?utm_source=getftr&utm_medium=getftr&utm_campaign=getftr_pilot&getft_integrator=clarivate
url https://isabial.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones12556
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12916-025-04488-y?utm_source=getftr&utm_medium=getftr&utm_campaign=getftr_pilot&getft_integrator=clarivate
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv BMC Medicine
ISSN: 17417015
reponame:r-ISABIAL. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante
instname:Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL)
instname_str Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL)
reponame_str r-ISABIAL. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante
collection r-ISABIAL. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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