Supersulfated cement based on mechanically activated fired brick powder: fresh properties, mechanical strength and microstructural characteristics

This study explores the use of mechanically activated waste fired brick powder (FBP) as a substitute for Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) in Supersulfated Cement (SSC) formulations. Mortars and pastes were manufactured with GGBS replacement levels ranging from 0 wt% (FBP0) to 100 wt% (FBP1...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Seco Meneses, Andrés, Martín Antunes, Miguel Ángel, Espuelas Zuazu, Sandra, Del Castillo García, Jesús María, Prieto Cobo, Eduardo
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universidad Pública de Navarra
Repositorio:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:academicae__::4f08f5bb2710117795fd97f9d000c64a
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2454/56685
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Supersulfated cement (SSC)
Fired brick powder (FBP)
Fresh properties
Mechanical strength
Microstructure
Descripción
Sumario:This study explores the use of mechanically activated waste fired brick powder (FBP) as a substitute for Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) in Supersulfated Cement (SSC) formulations. Mortars and pastes were manufactured with GGBS replacement levels ranging from 0 wt% (FBP0) to 100 wt% (FBP100). The FBP10 combination achieved the lowest fresh consistency, increasing by 17 % compared to the reference. Higher FBP contents increased consistency due to greater water demand. All combinations exhibited a pH peak within the f irst 24 h after mixing, followed by a gradual decrease and stabilization by 48 h. The pH level was governed by the GGBS replacement rate, with lower values observed at higher FBP contents. The onset and progression of setting were closely linked to pH changes. Setting times decreased with increasing FBP content, due to reduced ettringite formation, higher water affinity, and enhanced nucleation from FBP’s finer particles. Mortars cured in water showed slight expansion, while air-cured samples exhibited shrinkage up to 0.138 % (FBP5), attributed to limited water availability for ettringite and the formation of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) gels. At 90 days, FBP10 improved compressive strength by 16.8 % over the reference; substitutions up to 50 % maintained or enhanced the mechanical performance of FBP0. Microstructural analyses (Thermogravimetry, X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) confirmed ettringite and C-S-H gels as the only hydration products. These results demonstrate the potential of FBP as a sustainable and technically viable precursor for SSC, reducing reliance on industrial by-products while maintaining or improving cement performance.