Tabun, sarin, soman, VX and novichoks

Several chemical agents were used systematically as weapons during the First World War. Years later the Nazis accidentally discovered the group G organophosphate nerve agents (OPNAs): tabun, sarin and soman; but surprisingly they did not use them, despite knowing their lethality. Later, during the C...

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Autores: Belvís, Roberto|||0000-0002-2137-180X, Morollón, N., Cortés-Vicente, Elena|||0000-0002-1428-1072, Morán Chorro, Indalecio|||0000-0001-5090-5260
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Recursos:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:español
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:275185
Acesso em linha:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/275185
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.24875/KRANION.M22000030
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Acetylcholinesterase
Organophosphate neurotoxic agents
Crime
Poisoning
War
Novichoks
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spelling Tabun, sarin, soman, VX and novichoksOrganophophate nerve agents for military or criminal purposes Tabún, sarín, somán, VX y novichoks: agentes neurotóxicos organofosforados con finalidad bélica o criminalBelvís, Roberto|||0000-0002-2137-180XMorollón, N.Cortés-Vicente, Elena|||0000-0002-1428-1072Morán Chorro, Indalecio|||0000-0001-5090-5260AcetylcholinesteraseOrganophosphate neurotoxic agentsCrimePoisoningWarNovichoksSeveral chemical agents were used systematically as weapons during the First World War. Years later the Nazis accidentally discovered the group G organophosphate nerve agents (OPNAs): tabun, sarin and soman; but surprisingly they did not use them, despite knowing their lethality. Later, during the Cold War, the NATO countries developed the OPNAs of group V, among which the VX stands out; and the USSR developed the most fearsome, the OPNAs of group A, among which the novichoks stand out. OPNAs fell into oblivion until they infamously resurfaced in the Halabja massacre (Iran-Iraq war, 1988), the Tokyo subway terrorist attack (1995) and the Ghouta bombing (Syrian war, 2013). But the military use has been redirected in recent years to selective assassinations committed by secret services: Skripal, Gebrev, Kim Jong-nam or Navalny cases. In addition, people close to the victims, health personnel for example, can also become intoxicated. OPNAs rapid and irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase and their lethality is much higher than that of organophosphorus pesticides. The clinical picture is reminiscent of acute opiate intoxication but with generalized hypersecretion: hypersialorrhea, rhinorrhea, dacryorrhea, diarrhoea, bronchorrhea, etc. For this reason, it is known as "wet opioid toxyndrome". We review the history of the synthesis of OPNAs, the clinic that induces their exposure and their treatment: life support, decontamination, atropinization and antidotes. 22022-01-0120222022-01-01Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://ddd.uab.cat/record/275185https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.24875/KRANION.M22000030reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UABinstname:Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaEspañolspaopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddd.uab.cat:2751852026-06-06T12:50:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Tabun, sarin, soman, VX and novichoks
Organophophate nerve agents for military or criminal purposes Tabún, sarín, somán, VX y novichoks: agentes neurotóxicos organofosforados con finalidad bélica o criminal
title Tabun, sarin, soman, VX and novichoks
spellingShingle Tabun, sarin, soman, VX and novichoks
Belvís, Roberto|||0000-0002-2137-180X
Acetylcholinesterase
Organophosphate neurotoxic agents
Crime
Poisoning
War
Novichoks
title_short Tabun, sarin, soman, VX and novichoks
title_full Tabun, sarin, soman, VX and novichoks
title_fullStr Tabun, sarin, soman, VX and novichoks
title_full_unstemmed Tabun, sarin, soman, VX and novichoks
title_sort Tabun, sarin, soman, VX and novichoks
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Belvís, Roberto|||0000-0002-2137-180X
Morollón, N.
Cortés-Vicente, Elena|||0000-0002-1428-1072
Morán Chorro, Indalecio|||0000-0001-5090-5260
author Belvís, Roberto|||0000-0002-2137-180X
author_facet Belvís, Roberto|||0000-0002-2137-180X
Morollón, N.
Cortés-Vicente, Elena|||0000-0002-1428-1072
Morán Chorro, Indalecio|||0000-0001-5090-5260
author_role author
author2 Morollón, N.
Cortés-Vicente, Elena|||0000-0002-1428-1072
Morán Chorro, Indalecio|||0000-0001-5090-5260
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Acetylcholinesterase
Organophosphate neurotoxic agents
Crime
Poisoning
War
Novichoks
topic Acetylcholinesterase
Organophosphate neurotoxic agents
Crime
Poisoning
War
Novichoks
description Several chemical agents were used systematically as weapons during the First World War. Years later the Nazis accidentally discovered the group G organophosphate nerve agents (OPNAs): tabun, sarin and soman; but surprisingly they did not use them, despite knowing their lethality. Later, during the Cold War, the NATO countries developed the OPNAs of group V, among which the VX stands out; and the USSR developed the most fearsome, the OPNAs of group A, among which the novichoks stand out. OPNAs fell into oblivion until they infamously resurfaced in the Halabja massacre (Iran-Iraq war, 1988), the Tokyo subway terrorist attack (1995) and the Ghouta bombing (Syrian war, 2013). But the military use has been redirected in recent years to selective assassinations committed by secret services: Skripal, Gebrev, Kim Jong-nam or Navalny cases. In addition, people close to the victims, health personnel for example, can also become intoxicated. OPNAs rapid and irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase and their lethality is much higher than that of organophosphorus pesticides. The clinical picture is reminiscent of acute opiate intoxication but with generalized hypersecretion: hypersialorrhea, rhinorrhea, dacryorrhea, diarrhoea, bronchorrhea, etc. For this reason, it is known as "wet opioid toxyndrome". We review the history of the synthesis of OPNAs, the clinic that induces their exposure and their treatment: life support, decontamination, atropinization and antidotes.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2
2022-01-01
2022
2022-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://ddd.uab.cat/record/275185
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.24875/KRANION.M22000030
url https://ddd.uab.cat/record/275185
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.24875/KRANION.M22000030
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Español
spa
language_invalid_str_mv Español
language spa
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
instname:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
instname_str Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
collection Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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