Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: A model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modeling

Inferences from analogue models support lithospheric folding as the primary response to large-scale shortening manifested in the present day topography of Iberia. This process was active from the late Oligocene-early Miocene during the Alpine orogeny and was probably enhanced by reactivation of inhe...

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Authors: Fernández-Lozano, Javier, Sokoutis, D., Willingshofer, E., Cloetingh, S., Vicente, G. de
Format: article
Publication Date:2011
Country:España
Institution:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repository:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/61377
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/61377
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:intraplate deformation
Iberia
Analogue modelling
Continental tectonics
Cenozoic
Rheology
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spelling Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: A model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modelingFernández-Lozano, JavierSokoutis, D.Willingshofer, E.Cloetingh, S.Vicente, G. deintraplate deformationIberiaAnalogue modellingContinental tectonicsCenozoicRheologyInferences from analogue models support lithospheric folding as the primary response to large-scale shortening manifested in the present day topography of Iberia. This process was active from the late Oligocene-early Miocene during the Alpine orogeny and was probably enhanced by reactivation of inherited Variscan faults. The modeling results confirm the dependence of fold wavelength on convergence rate and hence the strength of the layers of the lithosphere such that fold wavelength is longest for fast convergence rates favoring whole lithosphere folding. Folding is associated with the formation of dominantly pop-up type mountain ranges in the brittle crust and thickening of the ductile layers in the synforms of the buckle folds by flow. The mountain ranges are represented by upper crustal pop-ups forming the main topographic relief. The wavelengths of the topographic uplifts, both, in model and nature suggest mechanical decoupling between crust and mantle. Moreover, our modeling results suggest that buckling in Iberia took place under rheological conditions where the lithospheric mantle is stronger than the lower crust. The presence of an indenter, inducing oblique shortening in response to the opening of the King's Trough in the north western corner of the Atlantic Iberian margin controls the spacing and obliquity of structures. This leads to the transfer of the deformation from the moving walls towards the inner part of the model, creating oblique structures in both brittle and ductile layers. The effect of the indenter, together with an increase on the convergence rate produced more complex brittle structures. These results show close similarities to observations on the general shape and distribution of mountain ranges and basins in Iberia, including the Spanish Central System and Toledo Mountains.Peer reviewedAmerican Geophysical Union201220122011info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://hdl.handle.net/10261/61377reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010TC002719info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/613772026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: A model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modeling
title Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: A model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modeling
spellingShingle Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: A model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modeling
Fernández-Lozano, Javier
intraplate deformation
Iberia
Analogue modelling
Continental tectonics
Cenozoic
Rheology
title_short Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: A model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modeling
title_full Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: A model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modeling
title_fullStr Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: A model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modeling
title_full_unstemmed Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: A model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modeling
title_sort Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: A model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modeling
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fernández-Lozano, Javier
Sokoutis, D.
Willingshofer, E.
Cloetingh, S.
Vicente, G. de
author Fernández-Lozano, Javier
author_facet Fernández-Lozano, Javier
Sokoutis, D.
Willingshofer, E.
Cloetingh, S.
Vicente, G. de
author_role author
author2 Sokoutis, D.
Willingshofer, E.
Cloetingh, S.
Vicente, G. de
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv intraplate deformation
Iberia
Analogue modelling
Continental tectonics
Cenozoic
Rheology
topic intraplate deformation
Iberia
Analogue modelling
Continental tectonics
Cenozoic
Rheology
description Inferences from analogue models support lithospheric folding as the primary response to large-scale shortening manifested in the present day topography of Iberia. This process was active from the late Oligocene-early Miocene during the Alpine orogeny and was probably enhanced by reactivation of inherited Variscan faults. The modeling results confirm the dependence of fold wavelength on convergence rate and hence the strength of the layers of the lithosphere such that fold wavelength is longest for fast convergence rates favoring whole lithosphere folding. Folding is associated with the formation of dominantly pop-up type mountain ranges in the brittle crust and thickening of the ductile layers in the synforms of the buckle folds by flow. The mountain ranges are represented by upper crustal pop-ups forming the main topographic relief. The wavelengths of the topographic uplifts, both, in model and nature suggest mechanical decoupling between crust and mantle. Moreover, our modeling results suggest that buckling in Iberia took place under rheological conditions where the lithospheric mantle is stronger than the lower crust. The presence of an indenter, inducing oblique shortening in response to the opening of the King's Trough in the north western corner of the Atlantic Iberian margin controls the spacing and obliquity of structures. This leads to the transfer of the deformation from the moving walls towards the inner part of the model, creating oblique structures in both brittle and ductile layers. The effect of the indenter, together with an increase on the convergence rate produced more complex brittle structures. These results show close similarities to observations on the general shape and distribution of mountain ranges and basins in Iberia, including the Spanish Central System and Toledo Mountains.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2011
2012
2012
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/61377
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/61377
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010TC002719
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Geophysical Union
publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Geophysical Union
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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