Nonlinear pulse compression
In this thesis I investigate two methods for generating ultrashort laser pulses in spectral regions which are ordinarily difficult to achieve by the existing techniques. These pulses are specially attractive in the study of ultrafast (few femtosecond) atomic and molecular dynamics. The first involve...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2014 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | CBUC, CESCA |
| Repositorio: | TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/284879 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284879 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-95559 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | 535 621.3 |
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Nonlinear pulse compression |
| title |
Nonlinear pulse compression |
| spellingShingle |
Nonlinear pulse compression Grün, Alexander 535 621.3 |
| title_short |
Nonlinear pulse compression |
| title_full |
Nonlinear pulse compression |
| title_fullStr |
Nonlinear pulse compression |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Nonlinear pulse compression |
| title_sort |
Nonlinear pulse compression |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Grün, Alexander |
| author |
Grün, Alexander |
| author_facet |
Grün, Alexander |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Biegert, Jens Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Ciències Fotòniques |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
535 621.3 |
| topic |
535 621.3 |
| description |
In this thesis I investigate two methods for generating ultrashort laser pulses in spectral regions which are ordinarily difficult to achieve by the existing techniques. These pulses are specially attractive in the study of ultrafast (few femtosecond) atomic and molecular dynamics. The first involves Optical Parametric Amplification (OPA) mediated by four-wave-mixing in gas and supports the generation of ultrashort pulses in the Near-InfraRed (NIR) to the Mid-InfraRed (MIR) spectral region. By combining pulses at a centre wavelength of 800 nm and their second harmonic in an argon-filled hollow-core fibre, we demonstrate near-infrared pulses, peaked at 1.4 µm, with 5 µJ energy and 45 fs duration at the fibre output. The four-wave-mixing process involved in the OPA is expected to lead carrier-envelope phase stable pulses which is of great importance for applications in extreme nonlinear optics. These NIR to MIR pulses can be used directly for nonlinear light-matter interactions making use of its long-wavelength characteristics. The second method allows the compression of intense femtosecond pulses in the ultraviolet (UV) region by sum-frequency mixing two bandwidth limited NIR pulses in a noncollinear phasematching geometry under particular conditions of group-velocity mismatch. Specifically, the crystal has to be chosen such that the group velocities of the NIR pump pulses, v1 and v2 , and of the sum-frequency generated pulse, vSF, meet the following condition, v1 < vSF < v2. In case of strong energy exchange and an appropriate pre-delay between the pump waves, the leading edge of the faster pump pulse and the trailing edge of the slower one are depleted. This way the temporal overlap region of the pump pulses remains narrow resulting in the shortening of the upconverted pulse. The noncollinear beam geometry allows to control the relative group velocities while maintaining the phasematching condition. To ensure parallel wavefronts inside the crystal and that the sum-frequency generated pulses emerge untilted, pre-compensation of the NIR pulse-front tilts is essential. I show that these pulse-front tilts can be achieved using a very compact setup based on transmission gratings and a more complex setup based on prisms combined with telescopes. UV pulses as short as 32 fs (25 fs) have been generated by noncollinear nonlinear pulse compression in a type II phasematching BBO crystal, starting with NIR pulses of 74 fs (46 fs) duration. This is of interest, because there is no crystal that can be used for nonlinear pulse compression at wavelengths near 800 nm in a collinear geometry. Compared to state-of-the-art compression techniques based on self-phase modulation, pulse compression by sum-frequency generation is free of aperture limitation, and thus scalable in energy. Such femtosecond pulses in the visible and in the ultraviolet are strongly desired for studying ultrafast dynamics of a variety of (bio)molecular systems. |
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2014 |
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2014 2015 2015 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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doctoralThesis |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284879 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-95559 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284879 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-95559 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/ |
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openAccess |
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155 p. application/pdf application/pdf |
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya |
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya |
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TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa) reponame:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red instname:CBUC, CESCA |
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CBUC, CESCA |
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TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red |
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1869403875679666176 |
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Nonlinear pulse compressionGrün, Alexander535621.3In this thesis I investigate two methods for generating ultrashort laser pulses in spectral regions which are ordinarily difficult to achieve by the existing techniques. These pulses are specially attractive in the study of ultrafast (few femtosecond) atomic and molecular dynamics. The first involves Optical Parametric Amplification (OPA) mediated by four-wave-mixing in gas and supports the generation of ultrashort pulses in the Near-InfraRed (NIR) to the Mid-InfraRed (MIR) spectral region. By combining pulses at a centre wavelength of 800 nm and their second harmonic in an argon-filled hollow-core fibre, we demonstrate near-infrared pulses, peaked at 1.4 µm, with 5 µJ energy and 45 fs duration at the fibre output. The four-wave-mixing process involved in the OPA is expected to lead carrier-envelope phase stable pulses which is of great importance for applications in extreme nonlinear optics. These NIR to MIR pulses can be used directly for nonlinear light-matter interactions making use of its long-wavelength characteristics. The second method allows the compression of intense femtosecond pulses in the ultraviolet (UV) region by sum-frequency mixing two bandwidth limited NIR pulses in a noncollinear phasematching geometry under particular conditions of group-velocity mismatch. Specifically, the crystal has to be chosen such that the group velocities of the NIR pump pulses, v1 and v2 , and of the sum-frequency generated pulse, vSF, meet the following condition, v1 < vSF < v2. In case of strong energy exchange and an appropriate pre-delay between the pump waves, the leading edge of the faster pump pulse and the trailing edge of the slower one are depleted. This way the temporal overlap region of the pump pulses remains narrow resulting in the shortening of the upconverted pulse. The noncollinear beam geometry allows to control the relative group velocities while maintaining the phasematching condition. To ensure parallel wavefronts inside the crystal and that the sum-frequency generated pulses emerge untilted, pre-compensation of the NIR pulse-front tilts is essential. I show that these pulse-front tilts can be achieved using a very compact setup based on transmission gratings and a more complex setup based on prisms combined with telescopes. UV pulses as short as 32 fs (25 fs) have been generated by noncollinear nonlinear pulse compression in a type II phasematching BBO crystal, starting with NIR pulses of 74 fs (46 fs) duration. This is of interest, because there is no crystal that can be used for nonlinear pulse compression at wavelengths near 800 nm in a collinear geometry. Compared to state-of-the-art compression techniques based on self-phase modulation, pulse compression by sum-frequency generation is free of aperture limitation, and thus scalable in energy. Such femtosecond pulses in the visible and in the ultraviolet are strongly desired for studying ultrafast dynamics of a variety of (bio)molecular systems.En esta tesis he investigado dos métodos para generar pulsos láser ultracortos en regiones espectrales que son típicamente difíciles de lograr con las técnicas existentes. Estos pulsos son especialmente atractivos en el estudio de la dinámica ultrarrápida (pocos femtosegundos) en átomos y moléculas. La primera técnica implica Amplificación Paramétrica Óptica (OPA) mediante mezcla de cuatro ondas en fase gaseosa y soporta la generación de pulsos ultracortos desde el Infrarrojo-Cercano (NIR) hasta la región espectral del Infrarrojo-Medio (MIR). Mediante la combinación de pulsos centrados a una longitud de onda de 800 nm y su segundo armónico en una fibra hueca rellena de argón, hemos demostrado a la salida de la fibra la generación de pulsos en el NIR, centrados a 1.4 µm, con 5 µJ de energía y 45 fs de duración. Se espera que el proceso de mezcla de cuatro ondas involucrado en el OPA lleve a pulsos con fase de la envolvente de la portadora estables, ya que es de gran importancia para aplicaciones en óptica extrema no lineal. Estos pulsos desde el NIR hasta el MIR se pueden utilizar directamente en interacciones no-lineales materia-radiación, haciendo uso de sus características de longitud de onda largas. El segundo método permite la compresión de pulsos intensos de femtosegundos en la región del ultravioleta (UV) mediante la mezcla de suma de frecuencias de dos pulsos en el NIR limitados en el ancho de banda en una geometría de ajuste de fases no-colineal bajo condiciones particulares de discrepancia de velocidades de grupo. Específicamente, el cristal debe ser elegido de tal manera que las velocidades de grupo de los pulsos de bombeo del NIR, v1 y v2, y la del pulso suma-de-frecuencias generado, vSF, cumplan la siguiente condición, v1 < vSF < v2. En el caso de un fuerte intercambio de energía y un pre-retardo adecuado entre las ondas de bombeo, el borde delantero del pulso de bombeo más rápido y el borde trasero del más lento se agotan. De esta manera la región de solapamiento temporal de los impulsos de bombeo permanece estrecha, resultando en el acortamiento del impulso generado. La geometría de haces no-colineales permite controlar las velocidades de grupo relativas mientras mantiene la condición de ajuste de fase. Para asegurar frentes de onda paralelos dentro del cristal y que los pulsos generados por suma de frecuencias se generen sin inclinación, es esencial la pre-compensación de la inclinación de los frente de onda de los pulsos NIR. En esta tesis se muestra que estas inclinaciones de los frentes de onda se pueden lograr utilizando una configuración muy compacta basada en rejillas de transmisión y una configuración más compleja basada en prismas combinados con telescopios. Pulsos en el UV tan cortos como 32 fs (25 fs) se han generado mediante compresión de pulsos no-lineal no-colineal en un cristal BBO de ajuste de fase tipo II, comenzando con pulsos en el NIR de 74 fs (46 fs) de duración. El interés de este método radica en la inexistencia de cristales que se puedan utilizar para la compresión de impulsos no-lineal a longitudes de onda entorno a 800 nm en una geometría colineal. En comparación con las técnicas de última generación de compresión basadas en la automodulación de fase, la compresión de pulsos por suma de frecuencias esta libre de restricciones en la apertura de los pulsos, y por lo tanto es expandible en energía. Tales pulsos de femtosegundos en el visible y en el ultravioleta son fuertemente deseados en el estudio de dinámica ultrarrápida de una gran variedad de sistemas (bio)moleculares.DOCTORAT EN FOTÒNICA (Pla 2007)Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaBiegert, JensUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Ciències Fotòniques201520152014info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion155 p.application/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10803/284879https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-95559TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)reponame:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Redinstname:CBUC, CESCAInglésL'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi queda condicionat a l'acceptació de les condicions d'ús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:www.tdx.cat:10803/2848792026-06-14T12:46:07Z |
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15,300724 |