Tritium transport in non-saturated concrete under temperature fluctuations

This work studies the effect of the environmental conditions on tritium transport in concrete cells storing radioactive waste. Water with high concentration of tritium was leaking from drains situated in these concrete cells, which indicates flow of water and tritium transport in these cells. 2D num...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Chaparro, Maria Carme, Saaltink, Maarten Willem|||0000-0003-0553-4573
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/374669
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/374669
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106969
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Radioactive waste disposal
Tritium transport
Multiphase flow
Concrete
Numerical model
Residus radioactius -- Emmagatzematge
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Energia nuclear
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Política i gestió ambiental::Gestió de residus
Descripción
Sumario:This work studies the effect of the environmental conditions on tritium transport in concrete cells storing radioactive waste. Water with high concentration of tritium was leaking from drains situated in these concrete cells, which indicates flow of water and tritium transport in these cells. 2D numerical models together with temperature and humidity measurements suggested that this leak of tritiated water is caused by a combination of thermo-hydraulic processes occurring in the unsaturated concrete, that comprise capillary rise from the groundwater, evaporation and condensation due to temperature gradients caused by seasonal temperature fluctuations outside. Following this conceptual model, numerical models have been developed to study the tritium transport in the concrete. Model results show that tritium concentration varies according to evaporation and condensation processes inside the concrete cell. An analysis of tritium fluxes revealed that differences in transport mechanisms in liquid and gas can cause concentration gradients of tritium in zones of high water content very different or even opposite to those in zones with low water content. From our numerical calculations, we conclude that there is no release of tritiated water to the groundwater.