Diseño de un Esquema Cross-Layer para el Balance entre Eficiencia Energética y Calidad de Servicio en la Transmisión de Tráfico Multimedia en Redes Ad-Hoc
This thesis dissertation addresses the problem of energy constraints in ad hoc wireless networks. In this sort of networks nodes are generally powered by means of batteries, which involves significant limitations regarding the time of operation of devices. The nodes whose battery level describes imp...
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| Format: | doctoral thesis |
| Publication Date: | 2017 |
| Country: | España |
| Institution: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repository: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Language: | Spanish |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/84284 |
| Online Access: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/84284 |
| Access Level: | Open access |
| Keyword: | Ad hoc networks Energy efficiency Quality of Service Multimedia traffic Cross-layer techniques Routing protocol Strategic OLSR Testbed evaluation Ad hoc node implementation INGENIERIA TELEMATICA |
| Summary: | This thesis dissertation addresses the problem of energy constraints in ad hoc wireless networks. In this sort of networks nodes are generally powered by means of batteries, which involves significant limitations regarding the time of operation of devices. The nodes whose battery level describes important energy depletion represent potential elements for loss of connectivity, which results in an increase of packet loss rate. Therefore, the management of energy expenditure is one of the main research challenges to face in ad hoc networks, especially when developing applications in real scenarios. However, energy management is not a trivial task due to the inherent features of this kind of networks, such as the distributed operation as well as the access medium mechanism. In that sense, traditional solutions of energy optimization based on the definition of power-saving intervals (sleep mode) are not suitable considering the operational characteristics of an ad hoc network, due to the substantial deterioration of network connectivity. In addition, the exponential growth of applications focused on the transmission of multimedia contents (especially video) available on mobile devices involves specific quality of service levels. Consequently, the design of solutions for the optimization of energy resources should be carried out without degrading the Quality of Experience perceived by the users. The contributions of this thesis are focused, in the first place, on the analysis of those factors which generate an increase of the energy consumption in the wireless medium and are related to the principle of operation of the radio interface. In particular, the intense operation in reception mode on the interference areas, as a result of the overhearing effect, as well as the high number of transmission retries due to channel access contention, are defined as the main aspects that increase energy demand in the network. On the other hand, with the aim of optimizing energy resources in the nodes without causing damage on the Quality of Service, this thesis proposes meaningful improvements to the routing protocol by means of a cross-layer scheme. Specifically, the designed mechanism carries out an evaluation of both the energy capacity available in the nodes and the distribution of devices along the wireless medium. To that end, this proposal introduces a new metric in the routing computation process, called strategic value, which reports the importance of a node in the network in terms of connectivity (i.e. number of neighbor nodes). This scheme aims to reduce the energy expenditure caused by the overhearing effect along the areas with higher node density as well as to extend the lifetime for those nodes with higher number of neighbors which are strategic to preserve network connectivity. Additionally, considering the current pragmatic approach in ad hoc networks focused on the design of specific applications, the evaluation hereby presented has been performed by means of a simulation environment and also through the implementation of a testbed. Specifically, the operation of the proposed scheme has been analyzed on a set of ad hoc nodes which has been implemented through development platforms. Also, a software tool has been developed in order to control and configure the experiments. Results prove that the proposal allows to extend the lifetime of the network as well as to increase packet reception rate as a consequence of the prevention in the route breakages due to energy depletion. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the knowledge acquired by the design, configuration and analysis of experiments by means of hardware devices, has motivated the development of proposals and application studies of ad hoc networks in real environments, which represent an additional contribution of this thesis dissertation. |
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