Social Inequalities in Mental Health and Self-Perceived Health in the First Wave of COVID-19 Lockdown in Latin America and Spain

COVID-19 lockdowns greatly affected the mental health of populations and collectives. This study compares the mental health and self-perceived health in five countries of Latin America and Spain, during the first wave of COVID 19 lockdown, according to social axes of inequality. This was a cross-sec...

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Autores: Salas Quijada, Carmen, López-Contreras, Natalia, López Jiménez, Tomàs|||0000-0001-8255-4936, Medina-Perucha, Laura|||0000-0002-2981-2614, León-Gómez, Brenda Biaani|||0000-0001-5327-4409, Peralta Chiriboga, Alejandro Andrés|||0000-0002-7617-108X, Arteaga-Contreras, Karen M., Berenguera, Anna|||0000-0002-0889-2002, Gonçalves, A. Q.|||0000-0003-3272-6861, Horna Campos, Olivia Janett, Mazzei, Marinella, Anigstein, Maria Sol|||0000-0002-4023-2389, Ribeiro Barbosa, Jakeline|||0000-0001-6238-7173, Bardales-Mendoza, Olga, Benach, Joan|||0000-0003-2285-742X, Borges Machado, Daiane|||0000-0003-2959-4650, Torres Castillo, Ana Lucía|||0000-0003-1751-1950, Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza|||0000-0001-8506-780X
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:284681
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/284681
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3390/ijerph20095722
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:COVID-19
Inequities
Lockdown
Mental health
Self-perceived health
Social impact
Descripción
Sumario:COVID-19 lockdowns greatly affected the mental health of populations and collectives. This study compares the mental health and self-perceived health in five countries of Latin America and Spain, during the first wave of COVID 19 lockdown, according to social axes of inequality. This was a cross-sectional study using an online, self-managed survey in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain. Self-perceived health (SPH), anxiety (measured through GAD-7) and depression (measured through PHQ-9) were measured along with lockdown, COVID-19, and social variables. The prevalence of poor SPH, anxiety, and depression was calculated. The analyses were stratified by gender (men = M; women = W) and country. The data from 39,006 people were analyzed (W = 71.9%). There was a higher prevalence of poor SPH and bad mental health in women in all countries studied. Peru had the worst SPH results, while Chile and Ecuador had the worst mental health indicators. Spain had the lowest prevalence of poor SPH and mental health. The prevalence of anxiety and depression decreased as age increased. Unemployment, poor working conditions, inadequate housing, and the highest unpaid workload were associated with worse mental health and poor SPH, especially in women. In future policies, worldwide public measures should consider the great social inequalities in health present between and within countries in order to tackle health emergencies while reducing the health breach between populations.

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