Improving the width of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers

In this work, the characteristics of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers where the refractive index (RI) of the second cladding is lower than that of the first cladding are analyzed both numerically and experimentally. In the first place, the LMRs spectra obtained with a 75 nm TiO 2 t...

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Authors: Imas González, José Javier, Del Villar, Ignacio, Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo, Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos, Matías Maestro, Ignacio
Format: article
Status:Versión aceptada para publicación
Publication Date:2023
Country:España
Institution:Universidad Pública de Navarra
Repository:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
OAI Identifier:oai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/46144
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/2454/46144
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Figure of merit (FOM)
Full width half maximum (FWHM)
Lossy mode resonances (LMRs)
Thin films
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spelling Improving the width of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibersImas González, José JavierDel Villar, IgnacioZubiate Orzanco, PabloRuiz Zamarreño, CarlosMatías Maestro, IgnacioFigure of merit (FOM)Full width half maximum (FWHM)Lossy mode resonances (LMRs)Thin filmsIn this work, the characteristics of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers where the refractive index (RI) of the second cladding is lower than that of the first cladding are analyzed both numerically and experimentally. In the first place, the LMRs spectra obtained with a 75 nm TiO 2 thin film are simulated, and it is observed that a thicker second cladding improves the width of the resonances, making them narrower. Then, two experimental cases (no second cladding, and second cladding with thickness of 1.13 μm) are assessed, showing a good agreement with the previous simulations. Finally, an experimental refractometric study is carried out in liquids (surrounding medium refractive index in the 1.34 - 1.40 range) for both fibers, calculating the full width at 1 dB (FW 1dB ), the sensitivity, and the figure of merit (FOM). The FW 1dB is better for the LMR obtained on the fiber with second cladding while the sensitivity is slightly greater for the fiber without second cladding. In the case of the FOM, it is higher for the double-clad fiber as the narrowing of the resonances outweighs the lower sensitivity. These results show that the performance of LMR-based optical fiber sensors can be improved by employing double-clad fibers.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Universities, Formación de Profesorado Universitario, under Grant FPU18/03087 and in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through Research Fund under Grant PID2019-106231RB-I00 TEC.IEEEIngeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de ComunicaciónInstitute of Smart Cities - ISCIngeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren2023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2454/46144reponame:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarrainstname:Universidad Pública de NavarraInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICIU//FPU18%2F03087info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-106231RB-I00© 2023 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other work.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/461442026-06-17T12:41:47Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Improving the width of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers
title Improving the width of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers
spellingShingle Improving the width of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers
Imas González, José Javier
Figure of merit (FOM)
Full width half maximum (FWHM)
Lossy mode resonances (LMRs)
Thin films
title_short Improving the width of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers
title_full Improving the width of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers
title_fullStr Improving the width of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers
title_full_unstemmed Improving the width of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers
title_sort Improving the width of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Imas González, José Javier
Del Villar, Ignacio
Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo
Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos
Matías Maestro, Ignacio
author Imas González, José Javier
author_facet Imas González, José Javier
Del Villar, Ignacio
Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo
Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos
Matías Maestro, Ignacio
author_role author
author2 Del Villar, Ignacio
Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo
Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos
Matías Maestro, Ignacio
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Figure of merit (FOM)
Full width half maximum (FWHM)
Lossy mode resonances (LMRs)
Thin films
topic Figure of merit (FOM)
Full width half maximum (FWHM)
Lossy mode resonances (LMRs)
Thin films
description In this work, the characteristics of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in double-clad fibers where the refractive index (RI) of the second cladding is lower than that of the first cladding are analyzed both numerically and experimentally. In the first place, the LMRs spectra obtained with a 75 nm TiO 2 thin film are simulated, and it is observed that a thicker second cladding improves the width of the resonances, making them narrower. Then, two experimental cases (no second cladding, and second cladding with thickness of 1.13 μm) are assessed, showing a good agreement with the previous simulations. Finally, an experimental refractometric study is carried out in liquids (surrounding medium refractive index in the 1.34 - 1.40 range) for both fibers, calculating the full width at 1 dB (FW 1dB ), the sensitivity, and the figure of merit (FOM). The FW 1dB is better for the LMR obtained on the fiber with second cladding while the sensitivity is slightly greater for the fiber without second cladding. In the case of the FOM, it is higher for the double-clad fiber as the narrowing of the resonances outweighs the lower sensitivity. These results show that the performance of LMR-based optical fiber sensors can be improved by employing double-clad fibers.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2454/46144
url https://hdl.handle.net/2454/46144
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICIU//FPU18%2F03087
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-106231RB-I00
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv IEEE
publisher.none.fl_str_mv IEEE
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
instname:Universidad Pública de Navarra
instname_str Universidad Pública de Navarra
reponame_str Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
collection Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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