The Search for Stable Nickel: Investigating the Origins of Type Ia Supernovae with Late-time NIR Spectroscopy from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II
Producing stable $^{58}$Ni in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) requires sufficiently high density conditions that are not predicted for all origin scenarios, so examining the distribution of $^{58}$Ni using the NIR [Ni II] 1.939 $μ$m line may observationally distinguish between possible progenitors and e...
| Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | article |
| Status: | Published version |
| Publication Date: | 2026 |
| Country: | España |
| Institution: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repository: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::1cfda2f655283164dcf6ad39736095fa |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/432376 http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.17134v2 |
| Access Level: | Open access |
| Keyword: | Type Ia supernovae Near infrared astronomy Spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy |
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The Search for Stable Nickel: Investigating the Origins of Type Ia Supernovae with Late-time NIR Spectroscopy from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II |
| title |
The Search for Stable Nickel: Investigating the Origins of Type Ia Supernovae with Late-time NIR Spectroscopy from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II |
| spellingShingle |
The Search for Stable Nickel: Investigating the Origins of Type Ia Supernovae with Late-time NIR Spectroscopy from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II Kumar, Sahana Type Ia supernovae Near infrared astronomy Spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy |
| title_short |
The Search for Stable Nickel: Investigating the Origins of Type Ia Supernovae with Late-time NIR Spectroscopy from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II |
| title_full |
The Search for Stable Nickel: Investigating the Origins of Type Ia Supernovae with Late-time NIR Spectroscopy from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II |
| title_fullStr |
The Search for Stable Nickel: Investigating the Origins of Type Ia Supernovae with Late-time NIR Spectroscopy from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Search for Stable Nickel: Investigating the Origins of Type Ia Supernovae with Late-time NIR Spectroscopy from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II |
| title_sort |
The Search for Stable Nickel: Investigating the Origins of Type Ia Supernovae with Late-time NIR Spectroscopy from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Kumar, Sahana Hsiao, E. Y. Ashall, Chris Hoeflich, Peter Baron, Edward Phillips, M. M. Modjaz, Maryam Polin, Abigail Morrell, Nidia Burns, Christopher R. Lu, Jing Shahbandeh, Melissa Kwok, Lindsey A. Galbany, Lluís Stritzinger, Maximilian Contreras, Carlos DerKacy, J. M. Hoover, T. Uddin, Syed A. Jha, Saurabh W. Xiao, Huangfei Krisciunas, Kevin Suntzeff, Nicholas B. |
| author |
Kumar, Sahana |
| author_facet |
Kumar, Sahana Hsiao, E. Y. Ashall, Chris Hoeflich, Peter Baron, Edward Phillips, M. M. Modjaz, Maryam Polin, Abigail Morrell, Nidia Burns, Christopher R. Lu, Jing Shahbandeh, Melissa Kwok, Lindsey A. Galbany, Lluís Stritzinger, Maximilian Contreras, Carlos DerKacy, J. M. Hoover, T. Uddin, Syed A. Jha, Saurabh W. Xiao, Huangfei Krisciunas, Kevin Suntzeff, Nicholas B. |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Hsiao, E. Y. Ashall, Chris Hoeflich, Peter Baron, Edward Phillips, M. M. Modjaz, Maryam Polin, Abigail Morrell, Nidia Burns, Christopher R. Lu, Jing Shahbandeh, Melissa Kwok, Lindsey A. Galbany, Lluís Stritzinger, Maximilian Contreras, Carlos DerKacy, J. M. Hoover, T. Uddin, Syed A. Jha, Saurabh W. Xiao, Huangfei Krisciunas, Kevin Suntzeff, Nicholas B. |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
National Science Foundation (US) Space Telescope Science Institute (US) Generalitat de Catalunya Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España) Independent Research Fund Denmark Aarhus University Research Foundation Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation Department of Energy (US) Kumar, Sahana 0000-0001-8367-7591 Galbany, Lluís [0000-0002-1296-6887] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Type Ia supernovae Near infrared astronomy Spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy |
| topic |
Type Ia supernovae Near infrared astronomy Spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy |
| description |
Producing stable $^{58}$Ni in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) requires sufficiently high density conditions that are not predicted for all origin scenarios, so examining the distribution of $^{58}$Ni using the NIR [Ni II] 1.939 $μ$m line may observationally distinguish between possible progenitors and explosion mechanisms. We present 79 telluric-corrected NIR spectra of 22 low-redshift SNe Ia from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II ranging from +50 to +505 days, including 31 previously unpublished spectra. We introduce the Gaussian Peak Ratio, a detection parameter that confirms the presence of the NIR [Ni II] 1.939 $μ$m line in 8 SNe in our sample. Non-detections occur at earlier phases when the NIR Ni line has not emerged yet or in low signal-to-noise spectra yielding inconclusive results. Subluminous 86G-like SNe Ia show the earliest NIR Ni features around ~+50 days, whereas normal-bright SNe Ia do not exhibit NIR Ni until ~+150 days. NIR Ni features detected in our sample have low peak velocities ($v$~1200 km/s) and narrow line widths ($\leq$ 3500 km/s), indicating stable $^{58}$Ni is centrally located. This implies high density burning conditions in the innermost regions of SNe Ia and could be due to higher mass progenitors (i.e. near-$M_{ch}$). NIR spectra of the nearly two dozen SNe Ia in our sample are compared to various model predictions and paired with early-time properties to identify ideal observation windows for future SNe Ia discovered by upcoming surveys with Rubin-LSST or the Roman Space Telescope. |
| publishDate |
2026 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2026 2026 2026 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| format |
article |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/432376 http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.17134v2 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/432376 http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.17134v2 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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IOP Publishing |
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IOP Publishing |
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reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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The Search for Stable Nickel: Investigating the Origins of Type Ia Supernovae with Late-time NIR Spectroscopy from the Carnegie Supernova Project-IIKumar, SahanaHsiao, E. Y.Ashall, ChrisHoeflich, PeterBaron, EdwardPhillips, M. M.Modjaz, MaryamPolin, AbigailMorrell, NidiaBurns, Christopher R.Lu, JingShahbandeh, MelissaKwok, Lindsey A.Galbany, LluísStritzinger, MaximilianContreras, CarlosDerKacy, J. M.Hoover, T.Uddin, Syed A.Jha, Saurabh W.Xiao, HuangfeiKrisciunas, KevinSuntzeff, Nicholas B.Type Ia supernovaeNear infrared astronomySpectroscopyInfrared spectroscopyProducing stable $^{58}$Ni in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) requires sufficiently high density conditions that are not predicted for all origin scenarios, so examining the distribution of $^{58}$Ni using the NIR [Ni II] 1.939 $μ$m line may observationally distinguish between possible progenitors and explosion mechanisms. We present 79 telluric-corrected NIR spectra of 22 low-redshift SNe Ia from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II ranging from +50 to +505 days, including 31 previously unpublished spectra. We introduce the Gaussian Peak Ratio, a detection parameter that confirms the presence of the NIR [Ni II] 1.939 $μ$m line in 8 SNe in our sample. Non-detections occur at earlier phases when the NIR Ni line has not emerged yet or in low signal-to-noise spectra yielding inconclusive results. Subluminous 86G-like SNe Ia show the earliest NIR Ni features around ~+50 days, whereas normal-bright SNe Ia do not exhibit NIR Ni until ~+150 days. NIR Ni features detected in our sample have low peak velocities ($v$~1200 km/s) and narrow line widths ($\leq$ 3500 km/s), indicating stable $^{58}$Ni is centrally located. This implies high density burning conditions in the innermost regions of SNe Ia and could be due to higher mass progenitors (i.e. near-$M_{ch}$). NIR spectra of the nearly two dozen SNe Ia in our sample are compared to various model predictions and paired with early-time properties to identify ideal observation windows for future SNe Ia discovered by upcoming surveys with Rubin-LSST or the Roman Space Telescope.We thank the Las Campanas technical staff for their continued support over the years. The work of the CSP-II has been generously supported by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-1008343, AST-1613426, AST-1613455, and AST-1613472. S.K. and M.M. acknowledge support in part from ADAP program grant No. 80NSSC22K0486, from the NSF grant AST-2206657, and from the HST GO program HST-GO-16656. C.A. is supported by STScI grants (JWST-GO-02114, JWST-GO-02122, JWST-GO-04522, JWST-GO-03726, JWST-GO-6582, HST-AR-17555, JWST-GO-04217, JWST-GO-6023, JWST-GO-5290, JWST-GO-5057, JWST-GO-6677) and JPL-1717705. L.G. acknowledges financial support from AGAUR, CSIC, MCIN, and AEI 10.13039/501100011033 under projects PID2023-151307NB-I00, PIE 20215AT016, CEX2020-001058-M, ILINK23001, COOPB2304, and 2021-SGR-01270. M.D.S. is funded by the Independent Research Fund Denmark (IRFD) via Project 2 grant 10.46540/2032-00022B and by an Aarhus University Nova grant No. AUFF-E-2023-9-28. CSP-II is also supported by a Sapere Aude Level 2 grant funded by the Danish Agency for Science and Technology and Innovation (PI Stritzinger). J.L. acknowledges support from NSF-2206523 and DOE No. DE-SC0017955.With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2020-001058-M)Peer reviewedIOP PublishingNational Science Foundation (US)Space Telescope Science Institute (US)Generalitat de CatalunyaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Independent Research Fund DenmarkAarhus University Research FoundationDanish Agency for Science, Technology and InnovationDepartment of Energy (US)Kumar, Sahana 0000-0001-8367-7591Galbany, Lluís [0000-0002-1296-6887]202620262026info:eu-repo/semantics/articlePublisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/432376http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.17134v2reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-151307NB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//CEX2020-001058-Mhttps://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae42bfSíinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:digitalcsic_::1cfda2f655283164dcf6ad39736095fa2026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
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