Optimal pyranometer placement in bifacial PV plants on complex terrain

[EN] Accurate placement of irradiance sensors is critical for performance monitoring in utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants, particularly those featuring single-axis trackers, bifacial modules, and non-uniform terrain. Installing pyranometers on every tracker row is infeasible, making optimal sen...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: García Salinas, Conrado, Aleix Moreno, Jorge, Martín Furones, Ángel Esteban|||0000-0001-9379-0694, Anquela Julián, Ana Belén|||0000-0001-6024-3790
Tipo de documento: artigo
Data de publicação:2025
País:España
Recursos:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
Repositório:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
Idioma:inglês
OAI Identifier:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/230231
Acesso em linha:https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/230231
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Sensor placement
Irradiation modelling
Multi-Objective Algorithm
Topography
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spelling Optimal pyranometer placement in bifacial PV plants on complex terrainGarcía Salinas, ConradoAleix Moreno, JorgeMartín Furones, Ángel Esteban|||0000-0001-9379-0694Anquela Julián, Ana Belén|||0000-0001-6024-3790Sensor placementIrradiation modellingMulti-Objective AlgorithmTopography[EN] Accurate placement of irradiance sensors is critical for performance monitoring in utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants, particularly those featuring single-axis trackers, bifacial modules, and non-uniform terrain. Installing pyranometers on every tracker row is infeasible, making optimal sensor selection a key design challenge. In this work, we benchmark seven pyranometer placement algorithms-including geometric heuristics, unsupervised clustering, metaheuristics, and multi-objective optimization using a detailed simulation framework that incorporates clear-sky irradiance modeling, terrain-induced shading, backtracking dynamics, and bifacial rear-side contribution. The methods are evaluated across three operational PV plants in Spain, ranging from 30 to 70 MWp, each characterized by complex topography. We assess each algorithm using multiple performance metrics: mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MRE), temporal correlation (R2), and inter-sensor redundancy. Results show that multi-objective algorithms, particularly those incorporating simulated irradiance, consistently outperform geometry-only approaches in both accuracy and robustness. Notably, a geometry-based multiobjective method achieves comparable performance. We find that simple dispersion heuristics fail to generalize under steep terrain, while simulated annealing offers a strong trade-off between accuracy and runtime. These findings support a hybrid sensor placement strategy combining fast geometric pre-selection with energy-based refinement. The proposed methodology is scalable and applicable to modern PV systems, offering a reproducible framework for data-driven sensor deployment in heterogeneous landscapes.ElsevierDepartamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y FotogrametríaEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y TopográficaGrupo de Cartografía, Geodesia y GPSUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaRepositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politècnica de València Riunet20252025-12-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/230231reponame:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valénciainstname:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Reconocimiento (by)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:riunet.upv.es:10251/2302312026-06-13T07:49:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Optimal pyranometer placement in bifacial PV plants on complex terrain
title Optimal pyranometer placement in bifacial PV plants on complex terrain
spellingShingle Optimal pyranometer placement in bifacial PV plants on complex terrain
García Salinas, Conrado
Sensor placement
Irradiation modelling
Multi-Objective Algorithm
Topography
title_short Optimal pyranometer placement in bifacial PV plants on complex terrain
title_full Optimal pyranometer placement in bifacial PV plants on complex terrain
title_fullStr Optimal pyranometer placement in bifacial PV plants on complex terrain
title_full_unstemmed Optimal pyranometer placement in bifacial PV plants on complex terrain
title_sort Optimal pyranometer placement in bifacial PV plants on complex terrain
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv García Salinas, Conrado
Aleix Moreno, Jorge
Martín Furones, Ángel Esteban|||0000-0001-9379-0694
Anquela Julián, Ana Belén|||0000-0001-6024-3790
author García Salinas, Conrado
author_facet García Salinas, Conrado
Aleix Moreno, Jorge
Martín Furones, Ángel Esteban|||0000-0001-9379-0694
Anquela Julián, Ana Belén|||0000-0001-6024-3790
author_role author
author2 Aleix Moreno, Jorge
Martín Furones, Ángel Esteban|||0000-0001-9379-0694
Anquela Julián, Ana Belén|||0000-0001-6024-3790
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica
Grupo de Cartografía, Geodesia y GPS
Universitat Politècnica de València
Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politècnica de València Riunet
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Sensor placement
Irradiation modelling
Multi-Objective Algorithm
Topography
topic Sensor placement
Irradiation modelling
Multi-Objective Algorithm
Topography
description [EN] Accurate placement of irradiance sensors is critical for performance monitoring in utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants, particularly those featuring single-axis trackers, bifacial modules, and non-uniform terrain. Installing pyranometers on every tracker row is infeasible, making optimal sensor selection a key design challenge. In this work, we benchmark seven pyranometer placement algorithms-including geometric heuristics, unsupervised clustering, metaheuristics, and multi-objective optimization using a detailed simulation framework that incorporates clear-sky irradiance modeling, terrain-induced shading, backtracking dynamics, and bifacial rear-side contribution. The methods are evaluated across three operational PV plants in Spain, ranging from 30 to 70 MWp, each characterized by complex topography. We assess each algorithm using multiple performance metrics: mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MRE), temporal correlation (R2), and inter-sensor redundancy. Results show that multi-objective algorithms, particularly those incorporating simulated irradiance, consistently outperform geometry-only approaches in both accuracy and robustness. Notably, a geometry-based multiobjective method achieves comparable performance. We find that simple dispersion heuristics fail to generalize under steep terrain, while simulated annealing offers a strong trade-off between accuracy and runtime. These findings support a hybrid sensor placement strategy combining fast geometric pre-selection with energy-based refinement. The proposed methodology is scalable and applicable to modern PV systems, offering a reproducible framework for data-driven sensor deployment in heterogeneous landscapes.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-12-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/230231
url https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/230231
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Reconocimiento (by)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Reconocimiento (by)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
instname:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
reponame_str RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
collection RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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