THE solar internetwork. I. Contribution to the network magnetic flux

The magnetic network (NE) observed on the solar surface harbors a sizable fraction of the total quiet Sun flux. However, its origin and maintenance are not well known. Here we investigate the contribution of internetwork (IN) magnetic fields to the NE flux. IN fields permeate the interior of supergr...

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Autores: Gosic, Milan, Bellot Rubio, Luis R., Orozco Suárez, David, Katsukawa, Y., Toro, José Carlos del
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Data de publicação:2014
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositório:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/399446
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/399446
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Sun: magnetic fields
Sun: photosphere
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spelling THE solar internetwork. I. Contribution to the network magnetic fluxGosic, MilanBellot Rubio, Luis R.Orozco Suárez, DavidKatsukawa, Y.Toro, José Carlos delSun: magnetic fieldsSun: photosphereThe magnetic network (NE) observed on the solar surface harbors a sizable fraction of the total quiet Sun flux. However, its origin and maintenance are not well known. Here we investigate the contribution of internetwork (IN) magnetic fields to the NE flux. IN fields permeate the interior of supergranular cells and show large emergence rates. We use long-duration sequences of magnetograms acquired by Hinode and an automatic feature tracking algorithm to follow the evolution of NE and IN flux elements. We find that 14% of the quiet Sun (QS) flux is in the form of IN fields with little temporal variations. IN elements interact with NE patches and modify the flux budget of the NE either by adding flux (through merging processes) or by removing it (through cancellation events). Mergings appear to be dominant, so the net flux contribution of the IN is positive. The observed rate of flux transfer to the NE is 1.5 × 1024 Mx day-1 over the entire solar surface. Thus, the IN supplies as much flux as is present in the NE in only 9-13 hr. Taking into account that not all the transferred flux is incorporated into the NE, we find that the IN would be able to replace the entire NE flux in approximately 18-24 hr. This renders the IN the most important contributor to the NE, challenging the view that ephemeral regions are the main source of flux in the QS. About 40% of the total IN flux eventually ends up in the NE. © 2014. The American Astronomical Society.This paper is based on data acquired in the framework of the Hinode Operation Plan 151, “Flux replacement in the solar network and internetwork.” We thank the Hinode Chief Observers for the efforts they made to accommodate our demanding observations. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as a domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). Several aspects of this work were discussed in the Flux Emergence Workshops held at the International Space Science Institute, Bern (Switzerland), in 2011 and 2012. M.G. acknowledges a JAE-Pre fellowship granted by Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas (CSIC) toward the completion of a PhD degree. This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad through project AYA2012-39636-C06-05, including a percentage from European FEDER funds. Use of NASA’s Astrophysical Data System is gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewedAmerican Astronomical SocietyNASAScience and Technology Facilities Council (UK)European Space AgencyMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252014info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/399446reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//AYA2012-39636-C06-05http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/797/1/49Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3994462026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv THE solar internetwork. I. Contribution to the network magnetic flux
title THE solar internetwork. I. Contribution to the network magnetic flux
spellingShingle THE solar internetwork. I. Contribution to the network magnetic flux
Gosic, Milan
Sun: magnetic fields
Sun: photosphere
title_short THE solar internetwork. I. Contribution to the network magnetic flux
title_full THE solar internetwork. I. Contribution to the network magnetic flux
title_fullStr THE solar internetwork. I. Contribution to the network magnetic flux
title_full_unstemmed THE solar internetwork. I. Contribution to the network magnetic flux
title_sort THE solar internetwork. I. Contribution to the network magnetic flux
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Gosic, Milan
Bellot Rubio, Luis R.
Orozco Suárez, David
Katsukawa, Y.
Toro, José Carlos del
author Gosic, Milan
author_facet Gosic, Milan
Bellot Rubio, Luis R.
Orozco Suárez, David
Katsukawa, Y.
Toro, José Carlos del
author_role author
author2 Bellot Rubio, Luis R.
Orozco Suárez, David
Katsukawa, Y.
Toro, José Carlos del
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv NASA
Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK)
European Space Agency
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
European Commission
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Sun: magnetic fields
Sun: photosphere
topic Sun: magnetic fields
Sun: photosphere
description The magnetic network (NE) observed on the solar surface harbors a sizable fraction of the total quiet Sun flux. However, its origin and maintenance are not well known. Here we investigate the contribution of internetwork (IN) magnetic fields to the NE flux. IN fields permeate the interior of supergranular cells and show large emergence rates. We use long-duration sequences of magnetograms acquired by Hinode and an automatic feature tracking algorithm to follow the evolution of NE and IN flux elements. We find that 14% of the quiet Sun (QS) flux is in the form of IN fields with little temporal variations. IN elements interact with NE patches and modify the flux budget of the NE either by adding flux (through merging processes) or by removing it (through cancellation events). Mergings appear to be dominant, so the net flux contribution of the IN is positive. The observed rate of flux transfer to the NE is 1.5 × 1024 Mx day-1 over the entire solar surface. Thus, the IN supplies as much flux as is present in the NE in only 9-13 hr. Taking into account that not all the transferred flux is incorporated into the NE, we find that the IN would be able to replace the entire NE flux in approximately 18-24 hr. This renders the IN the most important contributor to the NE, challenging the view that ephemeral regions are the main source of flux in the QS. About 40% of the total IN flux eventually ends up in the NE. © 2014. The American Astronomical Society.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2014
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Postprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/399446
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/399446
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//AYA2012-39636-C06-05
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/797/1/49
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Astronomical Society
publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Astronomical Society
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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