Past connectivity but recent inbreeding in cross river gorillas determined using whole genomes from single hairs

The critically endangered western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) are divided into two subspecies: the western lowland (G. g. gorilla) and the Cross River (G. g. diehli) gorilla. Given the difficulty in sampling wild great ape populations and the small estimated size of the Cross River gorilla population...

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Autores: Alvarez-Estape, Marina, Pawar, Harvinder, Fontseré Alemany, Clàudia, 1992-, Trujillo, Amber E., Gunson, Jessica L., Bergl, Richard A., Bermejo, Magdalena, Linder, Joshua M., McFarland, Kelley, Oates, John F., Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline L., Orkin, Joseph D., Higham, James P., Viaud-Martinez, Karine A., Lizano González, Esther, 1974-, Marquès i Bonet, Tomàs, 1975-
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10230/57048
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/57048
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14030743
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Cross River gorilla
NGS
Bottleneck
Gene flow
Hairs
Inbreeding
Non-invasive
Wild gorillas
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network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Past connectivity but recent inbreeding in cross river gorillas determined using whole genomes from single hairs
title Past connectivity but recent inbreeding in cross river gorillas determined using whole genomes from single hairs
spellingShingle Past connectivity but recent inbreeding in cross river gorillas determined using whole genomes from single hairs
Alvarez-Estape, Marina
Cross River gorilla
NGS
Bottleneck
Gene flow
Hairs
Inbreeding
Non-invasive
Wild gorillas
title_short Past connectivity but recent inbreeding in cross river gorillas determined using whole genomes from single hairs
title_full Past connectivity but recent inbreeding in cross river gorillas determined using whole genomes from single hairs
title_fullStr Past connectivity but recent inbreeding in cross river gorillas determined using whole genomes from single hairs
title_full_unstemmed Past connectivity but recent inbreeding in cross river gorillas determined using whole genomes from single hairs
title_sort Past connectivity but recent inbreeding in cross river gorillas determined using whole genomes from single hairs
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Alvarez-Estape, Marina
Pawar, Harvinder
Fontseré Alemany, Clàudia, 1992-
Trujillo, Amber E.
Gunson, Jessica L.
Bergl, Richard A.
Bermejo, Magdalena
Linder, Joshua M.
McFarland, Kelley
Oates, John F.
Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline L.
Orkin, Joseph D.
Higham, James P.
Viaud-Martinez, Karine A.
Lizano González, Esther, 1974-
Marquès i Bonet, Tomàs, 1975-
author Alvarez-Estape, Marina
author_facet Alvarez-Estape, Marina
Pawar, Harvinder
Fontseré Alemany, Clàudia, 1992-
Trujillo, Amber E.
Gunson, Jessica L.
Bergl, Richard A.
Bermejo, Magdalena
Linder, Joshua M.
McFarland, Kelley
Oates, John F.
Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline L.
Orkin, Joseph D.
Higham, James P.
Viaud-Martinez, Karine A.
Lizano González, Esther, 1974-
Marquès i Bonet, Tomàs, 1975-
author_role author
author2 Pawar, Harvinder
Fontseré Alemany, Clàudia, 1992-
Trujillo, Amber E.
Gunson, Jessica L.
Bergl, Richard A.
Bermejo, Magdalena
Linder, Joshua M.
McFarland, Kelley
Oates, John F.
Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline L.
Orkin, Joseph D.
Higham, James P.
Viaud-Martinez, Karine A.
Lizano González, Esther, 1974-
Marquès i Bonet, Tomàs, 1975-
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Cross River gorilla
NGS
Bottleneck
Gene flow
Hairs
Inbreeding
Non-invasive
Wild gorillas
topic Cross River gorilla
NGS
Bottleneck
Gene flow
Hairs
Inbreeding
Non-invasive
Wild gorillas
description The critically endangered western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) are divided into two subspecies: the western lowland (G. g. gorilla) and the Cross River (G. g. diehli) gorilla. Given the difficulty in sampling wild great ape populations and the small estimated size of the Cross River gorilla population, only one whole genome of a Cross River gorilla has been sequenced to date, hindering the study of this subspecies at the population level. In this study, we expand the number of whole genomes available for wild western gorillas, generating 41 new genomes (25 belonging to Cross River gorillas) using single shed hairs collected from gorilla nests. By combining these genomes with publicly available wild gorilla genomes, we confirm that Cross River gorillas form three population clusters. We also found little variation in genome-wide heterozygosity among them. Our analyses reveal long runs of homozygosity (>10 Mb), indicating recent inbreeding in Cross River gorillas. This is similar to that seen in mountain gorillas but with a much more recent bottleneck. We also detect past gene flow between two Cross River sites, Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary and the Mbe Mountains. Furthermore, we observe past allele sharing between Cross River gorillas and the northern western lowland gorilla sites, as well as with the eastern gorilla species. This is the first study using single shed hairs from a wild species for whole genome sequencing to date. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of implementing conservation measures to increase connectivity among Cross River gorilla sites.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2023
2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10230/57048
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14030743
url http://hdl.handle.net/10230/57048
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14030743
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Genes (Basel). 2023 Mar 18;14(3):743
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/864203
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PID2021-126004NB-100
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/847648
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
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spelling Past connectivity but recent inbreeding in cross river gorillas determined using whole genomes from single hairsAlvarez-Estape, MarinaPawar, HarvinderFontseré Alemany, Clàudia, 1992-Trujillo, Amber E.Gunson, Jessica L.Bergl, Richard A.Bermejo, MagdalenaLinder, Joshua M.McFarland, KelleyOates, John F.Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline L.Orkin, Joseph D.Higham, James P.Viaud-Martinez, Karine A.Lizano González, Esther, 1974-Marquès i Bonet, Tomàs, 1975-Cross River gorillaNGSBottleneckGene flowHairsInbreedingNon-invasiveWild gorillasThe critically endangered western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) are divided into two subspecies: the western lowland (G. g. gorilla) and the Cross River (G. g. diehli) gorilla. Given the difficulty in sampling wild great ape populations and the small estimated size of the Cross River gorilla population, only one whole genome of a Cross River gorilla has been sequenced to date, hindering the study of this subspecies at the population level. In this study, we expand the number of whole genomes available for wild western gorillas, generating 41 new genomes (25 belonging to Cross River gorillas) using single shed hairs collected from gorilla nests. By combining these genomes with publicly available wild gorilla genomes, we confirm that Cross River gorillas form three population clusters. We also found little variation in genome-wide heterozygosity among them. Our analyses reveal long runs of homozygosity (>10 Mb), indicating recent inbreeding in Cross River gorillas. This is similar to that seen in mountain gorillas but with a much more recent bottleneck. We also detect past gene flow between two Cross River sites, Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary and the Mbe Mountains. Furthermore, we observe past allele sharing between Cross River gorillas and the northern western lowland gorilla sites, as well as with the eastern gorilla species. This is the first study using single shed hairs from a wild species for whole genome sequencing to date. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of implementing conservation measures to increase connectivity among Cross River gorilla sites.This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Universidades e Investigación (FPI, PRE2018) (to M.A.-E.), Generalitat de Catalunya (FI_B100131) (to H.P.), European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 864203), PID2021-126004NB-100 (MICIIN/FEDER, UE), “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu”, funded by the AEI (CEX2018-000792-M), NIH 1R01HG010898-01A1 and Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca and CERCA Programme del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC 2021 SGR 00177) (to T.M.B.). Illumina Inc. provided support for next-generation library sequencing, Beatriu de Pinós postdoctoral programme of the Government of Catalonia’s Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge 2017 BP 00265 (to J.O.). The project that gave rise to these results received the support of a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434) and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement (No 847648. The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/PI20/11760004) (to J.O.).MDPI202320232023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/57048http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14030743reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésGenes (Basel). 2023 Mar 18;14(3):743info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/864203info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PID2021-126004NB-100info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/847648© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:10230/570482026-05-29T05:05:01Z
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