Integrating Distrust Antecedents and Consequences in Organizational Life

This research on the experience of distrust within organizational life is aimed firstly at drawing an integrated framework of distrust antecedents linked to behavioral consequences as perceived by naive people; and, secondly, at comparing differences between two foci, individuals and organizations....

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Autores: Camblor, María-Pilar, Alcover, Carlos-María
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Institución:Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid
Repositorio:Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology
OAI Identifier:oai:journals.copmadrid.org:jwop/art/jwop2019a3
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2019a3
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Distrust, Organizational culture, Trust, Mixed methods.
Desconfianza, Cultura organizacional, Confianza, Métodos mixtos.
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network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Integrating Distrust Antecedents and Consequences in Organizational Life
Integración de antecedentes y consecuencias de la desconfianza en la vida organizacional
title Integrating Distrust Antecedents and Consequences in Organizational Life
spellingShingle Integrating Distrust Antecedents and Consequences in Organizational Life
Camblor, María-Pilar
Distrust, Organizational culture, Trust, Mixed methods.
Desconfianza, Cultura organizacional, Confianza, Métodos mixtos.
title_short Integrating Distrust Antecedents and Consequences in Organizational Life
title_full Integrating Distrust Antecedents and Consequences in Organizational Life
title_fullStr Integrating Distrust Antecedents and Consequences in Organizational Life
title_full_unstemmed Integrating Distrust Antecedents and Consequences in Organizational Life
title_sort Integrating Distrust Antecedents and Consequences in Organizational Life
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Camblor, María-Pilar
Alcover, Carlos-María
author Camblor, María-Pilar
author_facet Camblor, María-Pilar
Alcover, Carlos-María
author_role author
author2 Alcover, Carlos-María
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Distrust, Organizational culture, Trust, Mixed methods.
Desconfianza, Cultura organizacional, Confianza, Métodos mixtos.
topic Distrust, Organizational culture, Trust, Mixed methods.
Desconfianza, Cultura organizacional, Confianza, Métodos mixtos.
description This research on the experience of distrust within organizational life is aimed firstly at drawing an integrated framework of distrust antecedents linked to behavioral consequences as perceived by naive people; and, secondly, at comparing differences between two foci, individuals and organizations. A mixed qualitative to quantitative exploratory study uses the Delphi method with 38 participants from diverse countries working for a variety of organizations. Their opinions are classified and quantitatively compared. Antecedents depict a broader map than classical trust/distrust models while they organize the extant specific antecedents reported in the literature. Consequences on behavior intentions span over the full range of job dissatisfaction levels. These results highlight areas that organizations should watch for in order to build and sustain the appropriate level of trust. Finally, the integrated framework found reveals a meaningful internal structure and differences between the two foci.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2019a3
url https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2019a3
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv /*ref*/G. A Akerlof, R. J. Shiller(2009) . Animal spirits: How human psychology drives the economy, and why it matters for global capitalismPrinceton University Press (), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.234
/*ref*/C. M Alcover, R Rico, W. H Turnley, M. C. Bolino(2017) Understanding the changing nature of psychological contracts in 21st century organizations: A multiple-foci exchange relationships approach and proposed framework. Organizational Psychology Review 7(), 4-35 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386616628333
/*ref*/K Bentein, F Stinglhamber, C. Vandenberghe(2002) Organization-, supervisor-, and workgroup-directed commitments and citizenship behaviours: A comparison of models. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 11(), 341-362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320244000201
/*ref*/K. Bijlsma-Frankema(2004) Dilemmas of managerial control in post-acquisition processes. Journal of Managerial Psychology 19(), 252-268 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410527748
/*ref*/P. M. Blau(1964) . Exchange and power in social lifeJohn Wiley and Sons (), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410527748
/*ref*/P Bromiley, L. L. Cummings(1995) . Research on negotiations in organizationsJAI Press (), 219-247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410527748
/*ref*/C Caldwell, M. H. Hansen(2010) Trustworthiness, governance, and wealth creation. Journal of Business Ethics 97(), 173-188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0503-4
/*ref*/M Camblor, C. M. Alcover(2012) The everyday concept of trust in international cooperation environments. Revista de Psicología Social/International Journal of Social Psychology 27(), 233-241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1174/021347412804932811
/*ref*/H Chalutz Ben-Gal, S Tzafrir, S. Dolan(2015) Actionable trust in service organizations: A multi-dimensional perspective. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 31(), 31-39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2015.02.004
/*ref*/K. Charmaz(2005) . The Sage handbook of qualitative researchSage (), 507-535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2015.02.004
/*ref*/S. M Conchie, I. J. Donald(2006) The role of distrust in offshore safety performance. Risk Analysis 26(), 1151-1159 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00822.x
/*ref*/R Cropanzano, D. E. Rupp(2008) . Research in social issues in management: Justice, morality, and social responsibilityIAP (), 63-99 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00822.x
/*ref*/G Dietz, D. N. Den Hartog(2006) Measuring trust inside organisations. Personnel Review 35(), 557-588 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480610682299
/*ref*/K. T Dirks, D. L. Ferrin(2002) Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology 87(), 611-628 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.611
/*ref*/J. R Edwards, D. M Cable(2009) The value of value congruence. Journal of Applied Psychology 94(), 654-677 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014891
/*ref*/F Flores, R.C. Solomon(1998) Creating trust. Business Ethics Quarterly 8(), 205-232 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3857326
/*ref*/C. A Fulmer, M. J. Gelfand(2012) At what level (and in whom) we trust: Trust across multiple organizational levels. Journal of Management 38(), 1167-1230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312439327
/*ref*/N. A Gillespie, L. Mann(2004) Transformational leadership and shared values: The building blocks of trust. Journal of Managerial Psychology 19(), 588-607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410551507
/*ref*/B. G Glaser, A. L. Strauss(1967) . The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative researchAldine Publishing Company (), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410551507
/*ref*/R. Hardin(1993) The street-level epistemology of trust. Politics and Society 21(), 505-529 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329293021004006
/*ref*/R. Hardin(2004) . Distrust series on trustRussell Sage Foundation 8(), 3-33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329293021004006
/*ref*/N. S Hill, K. M Bartol, P. E Tesluk, G. A. Langa(2009) Organizational context and face-to-face interaction: Influences on the development of trust and collaborative behaviors in computer-mediated groups. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 108(), 187-201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.10.002
/*ref*/A. O. Hirschman(1977) . Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and statesHarvard University Press (), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.10.002
/*ref*/Y Keyton, F. L. Smith(2009) Distrust in leaders: Dimensions, patterns, and emotional intensity. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 16(), 6-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051809334196
/*ref*/S Khazanchi, S. S. Masterson(2011) Who and what is fair matters: A multi-foci social exchange model of creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior 32(), 86-106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.682
/*ref*/G Kinman, F. Jones(2005) Lay representations of workplace stress: What do people really mean when they say they are stressed?. Work & Stress 19(), 101-120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370500144831
/*ref*/R. M. Kramer(1999) Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual Review of Psychology 50(), 569-598 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.569
/*ref*/J. Krasman(2014) Do my staff trust me?: The influence of organizational structure on subordinate perceptions of supervisor trustworthiness. Leadership and Organization Development Journal 35(), 470-488 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2012-0152
/*ref*/R. J Lewicki, C. Brinsfield(2017) Trust repair. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 4(), 287-313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113147
/*ref*/R. J Lewicki, D. J McAllister, R. J. Bies(1998) Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. The Academy of Management Review 23(), 438-458 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/259288
/*ref*/R. J Lewicki, E. C Tomlinson, N. Gillespie(2006) Models of interpersonal trust development: Theoretical approaches, empirical evidence, and future directions. Journal of Management 32(), 991-1022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206306294405
/*ref*/N. Luhmann(1979) . Trust and powerJohn Wiley (), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206306294405
/*ref*/J Mayer, T. Mussweiler(2011) Suspicious spirits, flexible minds: When distrust enhances creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101(), 1262-1277 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024407
/*ref*/R. C Mayer, J. H Davis, F. D. Schoorman(1995) An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review 20(), 709-734 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/258792
/*ref*/D. J. McAllister(1995) Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal 38(), 24-59 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256727
/*ref*/D. H McKnight, N. L. Chervany(2001) . Trust in cyber-societiesSpringer-Verlag (), 27-54 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256727
/*ref*/E. W. Morrison(2011) Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. The Academy of Management Annals 5(), 373-412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.574506
/*ref*/A. M Nienaber, P. D Romeike, R Searle, G. Schewe(2015) A qualitative meta-analysis of trust in supervisor-subordinate relationships. Journal of Managerial Psychology 30(), 507-534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-06-2013-0187
/*ref*/S. M Norman, B. J Avolio, F. Luthans(2010) The impact of positivity and transparency on trust in leaders and their perceived effectiveness. Leadership Quarterly 21(), 350-364 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.03.002
/*ref*/S. L. D Restubog, M. J Hornsey, P Bordia, S. R. Esposo(2008) Effects of psychological contract breach on organizational citizenship behaviour: Insights from the group value model. Journal of Management Studies 45(), 1377-1400 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00792.x
/*ref*/S. L. Robinson(1996) Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Administrative Science Quarterly 41(), 574-599 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393868
/*ref*/D. M Rousseau, S. B Sitkin, R. S. Burt, C. Camerer(1998) Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy of Management Review 23(), 393-404 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1998.926617
/*ref*/C. E Rusbult, D Farrell, G Rogers, A. G. Mainous(1988) Impact of exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: An integrative model of responses to declining job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal 31(), 599-627 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256461
/*ref*/G. R Salancik, J. Pfeffer(1978) A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design. Administrative Science Quarterly 23(), 224-253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2392563
/*ref*/F Sánchez, T Suárez, A. Caballero(2011) Lying in the workplace: Effects on trust, relationships, and emotional experience. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 27(), 191-203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2011v27n3a3
/*ref*/M. N. K Saunders, G Dietz, A. Thornhill(2014) Trust and distrust: Polar opposites, or independent but co-existing?. Human Relations 67(), 639-665 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726713500831
/*ref*/F. D Schoorman, R. C. Mayer, J. H. Davis(2007) An integrative model of organizational trust: Past, present, and future. Academy of Management Review 32(), 344-354 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2007.24348410
/*ref*/Y Schul, R Mayo, E. Burnstein(2008) The value of distrust. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44(), 1293-1302 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.05.003
/*ref*/A Shantz, K. Alfes(2015) Work engagement and voluntary absence: The moderating role of job resources. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 24(), 530-543 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2014.936392
/*ref*/S. B Sitkin, N. L Roth(1993) Explaining the limited effectiveness of legalistic “remedies” for trust/distrust. Organization Science 4(), 367-392 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.3.367
/*ref*/M Stevens, J. P MacDuffie, S. Helper(2015) Reorienting and recalibrating Inter-organizational relationships: Strategies for achieving optimal trust. Organization Studies 36(), 1237-1264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615585337
/*ref*/H Tajfel, J. Turner(1979) . The social psychology of intergroup relationsBrooks/Cole (), 94-109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615585337
/*ref*/K. E. Weick(1979) . The social psychology of organizingMcGraw-Hill (), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615585337
/*ref*/A. C Wicks, S. L Berman, T. M. Jones(1999) The structure of optimal trust: Moral and strategic implications. The Academy of Management Review 24(), 99-116 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/259039
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Copyright © 2026. Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid
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spelling Integrating Distrust Antecedents and Consequences in Organizational LifeIntegración de antecedentes y consecuencias de la desconfianza en la vida organizacionalCamblor, María-PilarAlcover, Carlos-MaríaDistrust, Organizational culture, Trust, Mixed methods.Desconfianza, Cultura organizacional, Confianza, Métodos mixtos.This research on the experience of distrust within organizational life is aimed firstly at drawing an integrated framework of distrust antecedents linked to behavioral consequences as perceived by naive people; and, secondly, at comparing differences between two foci, individuals and organizations. A mixed qualitative to quantitative exploratory study uses the Delphi method with 38 participants from diverse countries working for a variety of organizations. Their opinions are classified and quantitatively compared. Antecedents depict a broader map than classical trust/distrust models while they organize the extant specific antecedents reported in the literature. Consequences on behavior intentions span over the full range of job dissatisfaction levels. These results highlight areas that organizations should watch for in order to build and sustain the appropriate level of trust. Finally, the integrated framework found reveals a meaningful internal structure and differences between the two foci.Esta investigación sobre la experiencia de la desconfianza en la vida organizacional busca dibujar un marco integrado de los antecedentes de la desconfianza relacionados con sus consecuencias conductuales percibidas por personas legas; adicionalmente, compara las diferencias entre dos focos, personas y organizaciones. El estudio exploratorio cualitativo y cuantitativo aplica el método Delphi con 38 participantes procedentes de diversos países que trabajan en diferentes organizaciones. Sus opiniones se han clasificado y comparado cuantitativamente. Los antecedentes describen un mapa más amplio que los modelos clásicos de confianza y desconfianza, al tiempo que organizan la miríada de antecedentes específicos reportados en la literatura. Las consecuencias en los planes de conducta abarcan toda la gama de grados de insatisfacción laboral. Estos resultados resaltan áreas que las organizaciones deben cuidar para construir y mantener el nivel apropiado de confianza. Por último, el marco integrado encontrado revela una importante estructura interna y diferencias entre ambos focos.Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid2019info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedapplication/pdftext/htmlapplication/xmlhttps://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2019a3reponame:Journal of Work and Organizational Psychologyinstname:Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de MadridInglés/*ref*/G. A Akerlof, R. J. Shiller(2009) . Animal spirits: How human psychology drives the economy, and why it matters for global capitalismPrinceton University Press (), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.234/*ref*/C. M Alcover, R Rico, W. H Turnley, M. C. Bolino(2017) Understanding the changing nature of psychological contracts in 21st century organizations: A multiple-foci exchange relationships approach and proposed framework. Organizational Psychology Review 7(), 4-35 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386616628333/*ref*/K Bentein, F Stinglhamber, C. Vandenberghe(2002) Organization-, supervisor-, and workgroup-directed commitments and citizenship behaviours: A comparison of models. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 11(), 341-362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320244000201/*ref*/K. Bijlsma-Frankema(2004) Dilemmas of managerial control in post-acquisition processes. Journal of Managerial Psychology 19(), 252-268 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410527748/*ref*/P. M. Blau(1964) . Exchange and power in social lifeJohn Wiley and Sons (), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410527748/*ref*/P Bromiley, L. L. Cummings(1995) . Research on negotiations in organizationsJAI Press (), 219-247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410527748/*ref*/C Caldwell, M. H. Hansen(2010) Trustworthiness, governance, and wealth creation. Journal of Business Ethics 97(), 173-188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0503-4/*ref*/M Camblor, C. M. Alcover(2012) The everyday concept of trust in international cooperation environments. Revista de Psicología Social/International Journal of Social Psychology 27(), 233-241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1174/021347412804932811/*ref*/H Chalutz Ben-Gal, S Tzafrir, S. Dolan(2015) Actionable trust in service organizations: A multi-dimensional perspective. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 31(), 31-39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2015.02.004/*ref*/K. Charmaz(2005) . The Sage handbook of qualitative researchSage (), 507-535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2015.02.004/*ref*/S. M Conchie, I. J. Donald(2006) The role of distrust in offshore safety performance. Risk Analysis 26(), 1151-1159 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00822.x/*ref*/R Cropanzano, D. E. Rupp(2008) . Research in social issues in management: Justice, morality, and social responsibilityIAP (), 63-99 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00822.x/*ref*/G Dietz, D. N. Den Hartog(2006) Measuring trust inside organisations. Personnel Review 35(), 557-588 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480610682299/*ref*/K. T Dirks, D. L. Ferrin(2002) Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology 87(), 611-628 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.611/*ref*/J. R Edwards, D. M Cable(2009) The value of value congruence. Journal of Applied Psychology 94(), 654-677 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014891/*ref*/F Flores, R.C. Solomon(1998) Creating trust. Business Ethics Quarterly 8(), 205-232 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3857326/*ref*/C. A Fulmer, M. J. Gelfand(2012) At what level (and in whom) we trust: Trust across multiple organizational levels. Journal of Management 38(), 1167-1230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312439327/*ref*/N. A Gillespie, L. Mann(2004) Transformational leadership and shared values: The building blocks of trust. Journal of Managerial Psychology 19(), 588-607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410551507/*ref*/B. G Glaser, A. L. Strauss(1967) . The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative researchAldine Publishing Company (), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410551507/*ref*/R. Hardin(1993) The street-level epistemology of trust. Politics and Society 21(), 505-529 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329293021004006/*ref*/R. Hardin(2004) . Distrust series on trustRussell Sage Foundation 8(), 3-33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329293021004006/*ref*/N. S Hill, K. M Bartol, P. E Tesluk, G. A. Langa(2009) Organizational context and face-to-face interaction: Influences on the development of trust and collaborative behaviors in computer-mediated groups. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 108(), 187-201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.10.002/*ref*/A. O. Hirschman(1977) . Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and statesHarvard University Press (), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.10.002/*ref*/Y Keyton, F. L. Smith(2009) Distrust in leaders: Dimensions, patterns, and emotional intensity. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 16(), 6-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051809334196/*ref*/S Khazanchi, S. S. Masterson(2011) Who and what is fair matters: A multi-foci social exchange model of creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior 32(), 86-106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.682/*ref*/G Kinman, F. Jones(2005) Lay representations of workplace stress: What do people really mean when they say they are stressed?. Work & Stress 19(), 101-120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370500144831/*ref*/R. M. Kramer(1999) Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual Review of Psychology 50(), 569-598 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.569/*ref*/J. Krasman(2014) Do my staff trust me?: The influence of organizational structure on subordinate perceptions of supervisor trustworthiness. Leadership and Organization Development Journal 35(), 470-488 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2012-0152/*ref*/R. J Lewicki, C. Brinsfield(2017) Trust repair. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 4(), 287-313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113147/*ref*/R. J Lewicki, D. J McAllister, R. J. Bies(1998) Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. The Academy of Management Review 23(), 438-458 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/259288/*ref*/R. J Lewicki, E. C Tomlinson, N. Gillespie(2006) Models of interpersonal trust development: Theoretical approaches, empirical evidence, and future directions. Journal of Management 32(), 991-1022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206306294405/*ref*/N. Luhmann(1979) . Trust and powerJohn Wiley (), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206306294405/*ref*/J Mayer, T. Mussweiler(2011) Suspicious spirits, flexible minds: When distrust enhances creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101(), 1262-1277 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024407/*ref*/R. C Mayer, J. H Davis, F. D. Schoorman(1995) An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review 20(), 709-734 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/258792/*ref*/D. J. McAllister(1995) Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal 38(), 24-59 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256727/*ref*/D. H McKnight, N. L. Chervany(2001) . Trust in cyber-societiesSpringer-Verlag (), 27-54 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256727/*ref*/E. W. Morrison(2011) Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. The Academy of Management Annals 5(), 373-412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.574506/*ref*/A. M Nienaber, P. D Romeike, R Searle, G. Schewe(2015) A qualitative meta-analysis of trust in supervisor-subordinate relationships. Journal of Managerial Psychology 30(), 507-534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-06-2013-0187/*ref*/S. M Norman, B. J Avolio, F. Luthans(2010) The impact of positivity and transparency on trust in leaders and their perceived effectiveness. Leadership Quarterly 21(), 350-364 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.03.002/*ref*/S. L. D Restubog, M. J Hornsey, P Bordia, S. R. Esposo(2008) Effects of psychological contract breach on organizational citizenship behaviour: Insights from the group value model. Journal of Management Studies 45(), 1377-1400 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00792.x/*ref*/S. L. Robinson(1996) Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Administrative Science Quarterly 41(), 574-599 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393868/*ref*/D. M Rousseau, S. B Sitkin, R. S. Burt, C. Camerer(1998) Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy of Management Review 23(), 393-404 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1998.926617/*ref*/C. E Rusbult, D Farrell, G Rogers, A. G. Mainous(1988) Impact of exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: An integrative model of responses to declining job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal 31(), 599-627 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256461/*ref*/G. R Salancik, J. 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