Variscite source and source analysis: testing assumptions at Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Spain)

The analysis of trade and their implications for understanding social interaction is a major research question of prehistoric research in Europe. Variscite is a rare mineral that offers an excellent opportunity to study trade and exchange patterns in prehistoric Europe through proveniencing of sourc...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Odriozola Lloret, Carlos Patricio, Linares Catela, José Antonio, Hurtado Pérez, Víctor
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2010
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:idus.us.es:11441/183333
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/183333
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Variscite
Provenance
Cooper age
Iberia
m-XRF
XRD
FTIR
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spelling Variscite source and source analysis: testing assumptions at Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Spain)Odriozola Lloret, Carlos PatricioLinares Catela, José AntonioHurtado Pérez, VíctorVarisciteProvenanceCooper ageIberiam-XRFXRDFTIRThe analysis of trade and their implications for understanding social interaction is a major research question of prehistoric research in Europe. Variscite is a rare mineral that offers an excellent opportunity to study trade and exchange patterns in prehistoric Europe through proveniencing of source material. In this paper we discuss the exploitation and exchange of variscite at Pico Centeno mining district during the Copper Age. XRF, XRD, and FTIR analyses of the mineral recovered at Pico Centeno mining district during archaeological survey provides a baseline mineral signature for the source and subsources, which were then compared to other Iberian sources and to 44 green beads from 8 megalithic tombs from two different regions, in order to test ‘provenance postulate’ and distribution models. Mineral sampled during survey at Pico Centeno mining district turned out to be pure variscite phases, while extremely varied for the studied green beads: variscite, muscovite, talc or chlorite. On testing ‘provenance postulate’ we have focused on compositional comparison of Pico Centeno’s variscite with reference from various geological sources of Western Europe. We found that the concentrations of trace elements do not allow us to establish the origin of the beads, as traditionally claimed, due to the strong natural variability on minor and trace elements of the sources. Instead we found after FTIR analysis, that different proportions of phosphate species, which results in P/Al ratios higher than 1, arose during the genesis of the variscite deposits and resulted from the associated pH and nature of the host-rocks, modifying the concentrations of PO4 3 , H2PO4 and HPO4 2 . Thus, the P/Al atomic ratio should be an indication of provenance as it is established during mineral genesis. This issue has not been addressed in any of the other studied sources where this ratio seems to be z1.ElsevierPrehistoria y ArqueologíaHUM1085: Quantitative Archaeology and Archaeological Science2010info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/183333reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésJournal of Archaeological Science, 37 (12), 3146-3157.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:idus.us.es:11441/1833332026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Variscite source and source analysis: testing assumptions at Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Spain)
title Variscite source and source analysis: testing assumptions at Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Spain)
spellingShingle Variscite source and source analysis: testing assumptions at Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Spain)
Odriozola Lloret, Carlos Patricio
Variscite
Provenance
Cooper age
Iberia
m-XRF
XRD
FTIR
title_short Variscite source and source analysis: testing assumptions at Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Spain)
title_full Variscite source and source analysis: testing assumptions at Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Spain)
title_fullStr Variscite source and source analysis: testing assumptions at Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Spain)
title_full_unstemmed Variscite source and source analysis: testing assumptions at Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Spain)
title_sort Variscite source and source analysis: testing assumptions at Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Spain)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Odriozola Lloret, Carlos Patricio
Linares Catela, José Antonio
Hurtado Pérez, Víctor
author Odriozola Lloret, Carlos Patricio
author_facet Odriozola Lloret, Carlos Patricio
Linares Catela, José Antonio
Hurtado Pérez, Víctor
author_role author
author2 Linares Catela, José Antonio
Hurtado Pérez, Víctor
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Prehistoria y Arqueología
HUM1085: Quantitative Archaeology and Archaeological Science
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Variscite
Provenance
Cooper age
Iberia
m-XRF
XRD
FTIR
topic Variscite
Provenance
Cooper age
Iberia
m-XRF
XRD
FTIR
description The analysis of trade and their implications for understanding social interaction is a major research question of prehistoric research in Europe. Variscite is a rare mineral that offers an excellent opportunity to study trade and exchange patterns in prehistoric Europe through proveniencing of source material. In this paper we discuss the exploitation and exchange of variscite at Pico Centeno mining district during the Copper Age. XRF, XRD, and FTIR analyses of the mineral recovered at Pico Centeno mining district during archaeological survey provides a baseline mineral signature for the source and subsources, which were then compared to other Iberian sources and to 44 green beads from 8 megalithic tombs from two different regions, in order to test ‘provenance postulate’ and distribution models. Mineral sampled during survey at Pico Centeno mining district turned out to be pure variscite phases, while extremely varied for the studied green beads: variscite, muscovite, talc or chlorite. On testing ‘provenance postulate’ we have focused on compositional comparison of Pico Centeno’s variscite with reference from various geological sources of Western Europe. We found that the concentrations of trace elements do not allow us to establish the origin of the beads, as traditionally claimed, due to the strong natural variability on minor and trace elements of the sources. Instead we found after FTIR analysis, that different proportions of phosphate species, which results in P/Al ratios higher than 1, arose during the genesis of the variscite deposits and resulted from the associated pH and nature of the host-rocks, modifying the concentrations of PO4 3 , H2PO4 and HPO4 2 . Thus, the P/Al atomic ratio should be an indication of provenance as it is established during mineral genesis. This issue has not been addressed in any of the other studied sources where this ratio seems to be z1.
publishDate 2010
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2010
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/183333
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/183333
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Archaeological Science, 37 (12), 3146-3157.
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
reponame_str idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
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