Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts

The initiation of starch granule formation and the mechanism controlling the number of granules per plastid have been some of the most elusive aspects of starch metabolism. This review covers the advances made in the study of these processes. The analyses presented herein depict a scenario in which...

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Autores: Mérida, Ángel, Fettke, Joerg
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/246997
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/246997
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Starch granules
Starch metabolism
Starch granule initiation
Starch granule number per chloroplas
Starch morphology
Arabidopsis thaliana
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spelling Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplastsMérida, ÁngelFettke, JoergStarch granulesStarch metabolismStarch granule initiationStarch granule number per chloroplasStarch morphologyArabidopsis thalianaThe initiation of starch granule formation and the mechanism controlling the number of granules per plastid have been some of the most elusive aspects of starch metabolism. This review covers the advances made in the study of these processes. The analyses presented herein depict a scenario in which starch synthase isoform 4 (SS4) provides the elongating activity necessary for the initiation of starch granule formation. However, this protein does not act alone; other polypeptides are required for the initiation of an appropriate number of starch granules per chloroplast. The functions of this group of polypeptides include providing suitable substrates (maltooligosaccharides) to SS4, the localization of the starch initiation machinery to the thylakoid membranes, and facilitating the correct folding of SS4. The number of starch granules per chloroplast is tightly regulated and depends on the developmental stage of the leaves and their metabolic status. Plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) and other enzymes play an essential role in this process since they are necessary for the synthesis of the substrates used by the initiation machinery. The mechanism of starch granule formation initiation in Arabidopsis seems to be generalizable to other plants and also to the synthesis of long-termstorage starch. The latter, however, shows specific features due to the presence of more isoforms, the absence of constantly recurring starch synthesis and degradation, and the metabolic characteristics of the storage sink organs.Peer reviewedSociety for Experimental BiologyMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202120212021info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/246997reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018‐096851‐BC22https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15359Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2469972026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts
title Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts
spellingShingle Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts
Mérida, Ángel
Starch granules
Starch metabolism
Starch granule initiation
Starch granule number per chloroplas
Starch morphology
Arabidopsis thaliana
title_short Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts
title_full Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts
title_fullStr Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts
title_full_unstemmed Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts
title_sort Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Mérida, Ángel
Fettke, Joerg
author Mérida, Ángel
author_facet Mérida, Ángel
Fettke, Joerg
author_role author
author2 Fettke, Joerg
author2_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Starch granules
Starch metabolism
Starch granule initiation
Starch granule number per chloroplas
Starch morphology
Arabidopsis thaliana
topic Starch granules
Starch metabolism
Starch granule initiation
Starch granule number per chloroplas
Starch morphology
Arabidopsis thaliana
description The initiation of starch granule formation and the mechanism controlling the number of granules per plastid have been some of the most elusive aspects of starch metabolism. This review covers the advances made in the study of these processes. The analyses presented herein depict a scenario in which starch synthase isoform 4 (SS4) provides the elongating activity necessary for the initiation of starch granule formation. However, this protein does not act alone; other polypeptides are required for the initiation of an appropriate number of starch granules per chloroplast. The functions of this group of polypeptides include providing suitable substrates (maltooligosaccharides) to SS4, the localization of the starch initiation machinery to the thylakoid membranes, and facilitating the correct folding of SS4. The number of starch granules per chloroplast is tightly regulated and depends on the developmental stage of the leaves and their metabolic status. Plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) and other enzymes play an essential role in this process since they are necessary for the synthesis of the substrates used by the initiation machinery. The mechanism of starch granule formation initiation in Arabidopsis seems to be generalizable to other plants and also to the synthesis of long-termstorage starch. The latter, however, shows specific features due to the presence of more isoforms, the absence of constantly recurring starch synthesis and degradation, and the metabolic characteristics of the storage sink organs.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/246997
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/246997
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018‐096851‐BC22
https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15359
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Society for Experimental Biology
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Society for Experimental Biology
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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