Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain

Background: Surveillance tools to estimate viral transmission dynamics in young populations are essential to guide recommendations for school opening and management during viral epidemics. Ideally, sensitive techniques are required to detect low viral load exposures among asymptomatic children. We a...

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Autores: Dobaño, Carlota, Rodrigo Melero, Natalia, Carolis, Carlo, Jordan, Iolanda
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Repositorio:Repositorio Digital de la UPF
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/52647
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/52647
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02184-1
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:COVID-19 (Malaltia)
Saliva
Infants
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spelling Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, SpainDobaño, CarlotaRodrigo Melero, NataliaCarolis, CarloJordan, IolandaCOVID-19 (Malaltia)SalivaInfantsBackground: Surveillance tools to estimate viral transmission dynamics in young populations are essential to guide recommendations for school opening and management during viral epidemics. Ideally, sensitive techniques are required to detect low viral load exposures among asymptomatic children. We aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in children and adult populations in a school-like environment during the initial COVID-19 pandemic waves using an antibody-based field-deployable and non-invasive approach. Methods: Saliva antibody conversion defined as ≥ 4-fold increase in IgM, IgA, and/or IgG levels to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens including spike and nucleocapsid constructs was evaluated in 1509 children and 396 adults by high-throughput Luminex assays in samples collected weekly in 22 summer schools and 2 pre-schools in 27 venues in Barcelona, Spain, from June 29th to July 31st, 2020. Results: Saliva antibody conversion between two visits over a 5-week period was 3.22% (49/1518) or 2.36% if accounting for potentially cross-reactive antibodies, six times higher than the cumulative infection rate (0.53%) assessed by weekly saliva RT-PCR screening. IgG conversion was higher in adults (2.94%, 11/374) than children (1.31%, 15/1144) (p=0.035), IgG and IgA levels moderately increased with age, and antibodies were higher in females. Most antibody converters increased both IgG and IgA antibodies but some augmented either IgG or IgA, with a faster decay over time for IgA than IgG. Nucleocapsid rather than spike was the main antigen target. Anti-spike antibodies were significantly higher in individuals not reporting symptoms than symptomatic individuals, suggesting a protective role against COVID-19. Conclusion: Saliva antibody profiling including three isotypes and multiplexing antigens is a useful and user-friendlier tool for screening pediatric populations to detect low viral load exposures among children, particularly while they are not vaccinated and vulnerable to highly contagious variants, and to recommend public health policies during pandemics.This work was supported by the Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya (grant number SLT006/17/00109). L.I. work was supported by PID2019-110810RB-I00 grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science & Innovation. Development of SARS-CoV-2 reagents was partially supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (contract number HHSN272201400008C). ISGlobal receives support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA ProgramBioMed Central202220222021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/52647http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02184-1reponame:Repositorio Digital de la UPFinstname:Universitat Pompeu FabraInglés© Carlota Dobaño et al. 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were madehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/526472026-06-12T07:21:37Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain
title Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain
spellingShingle Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain
Dobaño, Carlota
COVID-19 (Malaltia)
Saliva
Infants
title_short Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain
title_full Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain
title_fullStr Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain
title_full_unstemmed Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain
title_sort Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Dobaño, Carlota
Rodrigo Melero, Natalia
Carolis, Carlo
Jordan, Iolanda
author Dobaño, Carlota
author_facet Dobaño, Carlota
Rodrigo Melero, Natalia
Carolis, Carlo
Jordan, Iolanda
author_role author
author2 Rodrigo Melero, Natalia
Carolis, Carlo
Jordan, Iolanda
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv COVID-19 (Malaltia)
Saliva
Infants
topic COVID-19 (Malaltia)
Saliva
Infants
description Background: Surveillance tools to estimate viral transmission dynamics in young populations are essential to guide recommendations for school opening and management during viral epidemics. Ideally, sensitive techniques are required to detect low viral load exposures among asymptomatic children. We aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in children and adult populations in a school-like environment during the initial COVID-19 pandemic waves using an antibody-based field-deployable and non-invasive approach. Methods: Saliva antibody conversion defined as ≥ 4-fold increase in IgM, IgA, and/or IgG levels to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens including spike and nucleocapsid constructs was evaluated in 1509 children and 396 adults by high-throughput Luminex assays in samples collected weekly in 22 summer schools and 2 pre-schools in 27 venues in Barcelona, Spain, from June 29th to July 31st, 2020. Results: Saliva antibody conversion between two visits over a 5-week period was 3.22% (49/1518) or 2.36% if accounting for potentially cross-reactive antibodies, six times higher than the cumulative infection rate (0.53%) assessed by weekly saliva RT-PCR screening. IgG conversion was higher in adults (2.94%, 11/374) than children (1.31%, 15/1144) (p=0.035), IgG and IgA levels moderately increased with age, and antibodies were higher in females. Most antibody converters increased both IgG and IgA antibodies but some augmented either IgG or IgA, with a faster decay over time for IgA than IgG. Nucleocapsid rather than spike was the main antigen target. Anti-spike antibodies were significantly higher in individuals not reporting symptoms than symptomatic individuals, suggesting a protective role against COVID-19. Conclusion: Saliva antibody profiling including three isotypes and multiplexing antigens is a useful and user-friendlier tool for screening pediatric populations to detect low viral load exposures among children, particularly while they are not vaccinated and vulnerable to highly contagious variants, and to recommend public health policies during pandemics.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2022
2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10230/52647
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02184-1
url http://hdl.handle.net/10230/52647
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02184-1
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BioMed Central
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instname_str Universitat Pompeu Fabra
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