Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in Europe

Agricultural diseases are a major threat to sustainable food production. Yet, for many pathogens we know exceptionally little about their epidemiological and population dynamics, and this knowledge gap is slowing the development of efficient control strategies. Here we study the population genomics...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Jigisha, J., Ly, J., Minadakis, N., Freund, F., Kunz, L., Menardo, Fabrizio, Martínez Moreno, Fernando Bienvenido
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:idus.us.es:11441/179753
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/179753
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pbio.3003097
Access Level:acceso abierto
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spelling Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in EuropeJigisha, J.Ly, J.Minadakis, N.Freund, F.Kunz, L.Menardo, FabrizioMartínez Moreno, Fernando BienvenidoAgricultural diseases are a major threat to sustainable food production. Yet, for many pathogens we know exceptionally little about their epidemiological and population dynamics, and this knowledge gap is slowing the development of efficient control strategies. Here we study the population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew, a disease caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria gram inis forma specialis tritici (Bgt). We sampled Bgt across two consecutive years, 2022 and 2023, and compiled a genomic dataset of 415 Bgt isolates from 22 countries in Europe and surrounding regions. We identified a single epidemic unit in the north of Europe, consisting of a highly homogeneous population. Conversely, the south of Europe hosts smaller local populations which are less interconnected. In addition, we show that the population structure can be largely predicted by the prevalent wind patterns. We identified several loci that were under selection in the recent past, including fungicide targets and avirulence genes. Some of these loci are common between populations, while others are not, suggesting different local selective pressures. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of one of these loci, AvrPm17, coding for an effector recognized by the wheat receptor Pm17. We found evidence for a soft sweep on standing genetic variation. Multiple AvrPm17 haplotypes, which can partially escape recognition by Pm17, spread rapidly throughout the continent upon its introduction in the early 2000s. We also identified a new virulent variant, which emerged more recently and can evade Pm17 resistance altogether. Overall, we highlight the potential of genomic surveillance in resolving the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of agricultural pathogens, as well as in guiding control strategies.PlosAgronomía2025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/179753https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pbio.3003097reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésPlos Biology, 23 (5).info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:idus.us.es:11441/1797532026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in Europe
title Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in Europe
spellingShingle Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in Europe
Jigisha, J.
title_short Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in Europe
title_full Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in Europe
title_fullStr Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in Europe
title_full_unstemmed Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in Europe
title_sort Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in Europe
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Jigisha, J.
Ly, J.
Minadakis, N.
Freund, F.
Kunz, L.
Menardo, Fabrizio
Martínez Moreno, Fernando Bienvenido
author Jigisha, J.
author_facet Jigisha, J.
Ly, J.
Minadakis, N.
Freund, F.
Kunz, L.
Menardo, Fabrizio
Martínez Moreno, Fernando Bienvenido
author_role author
author2 Ly, J.
Minadakis, N.
Freund, F.
Kunz, L.
Menardo, Fabrizio
Martínez Moreno, Fernando Bienvenido
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Agronomía
description Agricultural diseases are a major threat to sustainable food production. Yet, for many pathogens we know exceptionally little about their epidemiological and population dynamics, and this knowledge gap is slowing the development of efficient control strategies. Here we study the population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew, a disease caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria gram inis forma specialis tritici (Bgt). We sampled Bgt across two consecutive years, 2022 and 2023, and compiled a genomic dataset of 415 Bgt isolates from 22 countries in Europe and surrounding regions. We identified a single epidemic unit in the north of Europe, consisting of a highly homogeneous population. Conversely, the south of Europe hosts smaller local populations which are less interconnected. In addition, we show that the population structure can be largely predicted by the prevalent wind patterns. We identified several loci that were under selection in the recent past, including fungicide targets and avirulence genes. Some of these loci are common between populations, while others are not, suggesting different local selective pressures. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of one of these loci, AvrPm17, coding for an effector recognized by the wheat receptor Pm17. We found evidence for a soft sweep on standing genetic variation. Multiple AvrPm17 haplotypes, which can partially escape recognition by Pm17, spread rapidly throughout the continent upon its introduction in the early 2000s. We also identified a new virulent variant, which emerged more recently and can evade Pm17 resistance altogether. Overall, we highlight the potential of genomic surveillance in resolving the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of agricultural pathogens, as well as in guiding control strategies.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/179753
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pbio.3003097
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/179753
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pbio.3003097
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Plos Biology, 23 (5).
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Plos
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Plos
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
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collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
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