Caracterización de aislados del virus del bronceado del tomate (TSWV) que superan las resistencias de los genes Sw-5 en tomate y Tsw en pimiento. Identificación de una fuente de tolerancia en pimiento
[EN] Tomato spotted wilt virus is one of the most widespread and economically important viruses worldwide. It infects a large number of plant species, being the tomato and pepper the most affected. TSWV is transmitted from one plant to another by various species of thrips in a circulative and propag...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2015 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repositorio: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/51460 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/51460 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Tomato spotted wilt virus Tospovirus Bunyaviridae Thrips Francliniella occidentalis Resistencia genética Mejora genética Real-time RT-PCR Capsicum baccatum GENETICA MICROBIOLOGIA |
| Sumario: | [EN] Tomato spotted wilt virus is one of the most widespread and economically important viruses worldwide. It infects a large number of plant species, being the tomato and pepper the most affected. TSWV is transmitted from one plant to another by various species of thrips in a circulative and propagative manner, being Flankliniella occidentalis the main vector. The best strategy for disease control in tomato and pepper has been breeding resistant cultivars, but only tomato with the gene Sw-5 and pepper with gene Tsw have been effective against a wide spectrum of TSWV isolates, but resistance-breaking isolates often arise. To obtain a more effective and durable control is necessary: A) the genetic and biological characterization of conventional and resistance-breaking isolates of TSWV; B) the understanding the evolutionary and epidemiological factors involved in the emergence and dispersion of resistance-breaking isolates; C) the development of tools for viral detection and quantification; and D) evaluation of new sources of resistance (total or partial, estimated as the difficulty to viral infection or/and accumulation) or tolerance (total or partial, estimated as the difficulty to symptoms development and damage without affecting viral infection). In this work, TSWV isolates from Spanish tomato and pepper crops have been biologically and molecularly characterized. The complete genome of three TSWV isolates with different biotypes were sequenced: N (unable to infect Sw-5 resistant tomato and Tsw resistant pepper), T (tomato Sw-5 resistance-breaking), and P (pepper Tsw resistance-breaking). No correlation between genetic variation and the ability of overcoming resistance was found. These nucleotide sequences and others retrieved from the GenBank database were used to develop RT-qPCR, with high sensitivity and dynamic range. Primers and one TaqMan MGB were designed from conserved sequence stretches with the aim of detecting and quantifying any TSWV isolate. It was not possible to develop a molecular method to differentiate between conventional and resistance-breaking isolates since there is no correlation between genotype and biotype. Instead, two TaqMan MGB probes were designed to quantify the two main genotypes (according to the M segment) in mixed infections. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate TSWV accumulation in non-resistant tomato, non-resistant pepper and Datura stramonium (an important reservoir), as well as in the main vector F. occidentalis, which was considered to evaluate transmission efficiency. The results showed that resistance breakdown was not associated to a fitness cost (tradeoff) in the infectivity of susceptible hosts or transmissibility by thrips and that the resistance-breaking isolates have the same potential for dispersion in field as the conventional isolates. Finally, the information obtained from the previous studies and the RT-qPCR technique were used to evaluate the resistance and tolerance to TSWV of a new accession of Capsicum baccatum. In addition to considering the genetic and biological variation of TSWV, a new approach was used based on analysis of longitudinal data (those measured in the same individuals over time). The resistance level was estimated with two variables: A) absolute fitness, calculated from the variation in time of the viral titer, quantified by RT-qPCR; and B) infectition survival, the median time in which the virus was detected in a plant by ELISA. The tolerance level was estimated as symptom survival, the median time in which a plant developed severe symptoms. This analysis showed that this new accession is partially resistant and totally tolerant to TSWV conventional and resistance-breaking isolates and therefore is a good candidate for a pepper breeding program |
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