Pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort study

Background and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical conditions in pregnancy, with adverse effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Evidence suggests a beneficial effect of plant-based dietary patterns, rich in foods derived from plant sources and low in...

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Autores: Bullón-Vela, Vanessa, Martínez Tabar, Ainara, Etxezarreta-Uranga, Maddi, Martínez González, Miguel Ángel, Basterra Gortari, Francisco Javier, Bes-Rastrollo, Maira
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Universidad Pública de Navarra
Repositorio:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
OAI Identifier:oai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/53506
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2454/53506
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Gestational diabetes mellitus
Provegetarian food pattern
Plant-based diet
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort study
title Pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort study
spellingShingle Pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort study
Bullón-Vela, Vanessa
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Provegetarian food pattern
Plant-based diet
title_short Pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort study
title_full Pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort study
title_fullStr Pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort study
title_sort Pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort study
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bullón-Vela, Vanessa
Martínez Tabar, Ainara
Etxezarreta-Uranga, Maddi
Martínez González, Miguel Ángel
Basterra Gortari, Francisco Javier
Bes-Rastrollo, Maira
author Bullón-Vela, Vanessa
author_facet Bullón-Vela, Vanessa
Martínez Tabar, Ainara
Etxezarreta-Uranga, Maddi
Martínez González, Miguel Ángel
Basterra Gortari, Francisco Javier
Bes-Rastrollo, Maira
author_role author
author2 Martínez Tabar, Ainara
Etxezarreta-Uranga, Maddi
Martínez González, Miguel Ángel
Basterra Gortari, Francisco Javier
Bes-Rastrollo, Maira
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ciencias de la Salud
Osasun Zientziak
Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Gestational diabetes mellitus
Provegetarian food pattern
Plant-based diet
topic Gestational diabetes mellitus
Provegetarian food pattern
Plant-based diet
description Background and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical conditions in pregnancy, with adverse effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Evidence suggests a beneficial effect of plant-based dietary patterns, rich in foods derived from plant sources and low in animal foods, on type 2 diabetes; however, their effects on GDM remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy provegetarian food patterns and the incidence of GDM in a Spanish cohort. Materials and Methods: This subsample of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort analyzed 3589 Spanish university graduate pregnant women with a mean (standard deviation) age of 28 (±4.3) who were initially free of pre-existing diabetes at baseline. Dietary food consumption was evaluated through a validated, 136-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern was obtained by assigning positive scores to plant-based food groups and reverse scores to animal food groups. Energy-adjusted quintiles were applied to allocate points to construct the provegetarian food pattern, ranging from 12 to 60 points. Logistic regression models were performed to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of GDM across quintiles of a pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern, using the lowest quintile as the reference category. Results: We identified 178 incidence cases of GDM. Women in the highest quintile (Q5) of provegetarian food pattern before pregnancy exhibited a 42% relative reduction in the odds of GDM [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 0.58 (0.35, 0.97); p-trend = 0.109]. Higher consumption of meat and dairy before pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of GDM [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 1.94 (1.19, 3.16); p-trend = 0.005] and [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 1.77 (1.07, 2.94); p-trend = 0.082], respectively. Conclusions: Higher pre-pregnancy consumption of a provegetarian food pattern was associated with a lower risk of developing GDM in Spanish women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2454/53506
url https://hdl.handle.net/2454/53506
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
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spelling Pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort studyBullón-Vela, VanessaMartínez Tabar, AinaraEtxezarreta-Uranga, MaddiMartínez González, Miguel ÁngelBasterra Gortari, Francisco JavierBes-Rastrollo, MairaGestational diabetes mellitusProvegetarian food patternPlant-based dietBackground and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical conditions in pregnancy, with adverse effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Evidence suggests a beneficial effect of plant-based dietary patterns, rich in foods derived from plant sources and low in animal foods, on type 2 diabetes; however, their effects on GDM remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy provegetarian food patterns and the incidence of GDM in a Spanish cohort. Materials and Methods: This subsample of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort analyzed 3589 Spanish university graduate pregnant women with a mean (standard deviation) age of 28 (±4.3) who were initially free of pre-existing diabetes at baseline. Dietary food consumption was evaluated through a validated, 136-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern was obtained by assigning positive scores to plant-based food groups and reverse scores to animal food groups. Energy-adjusted quintiles were applied to allocate points to construct the provegetarian food pattern, ranging from 12 to 60 points. Logistic regression models were performed to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of GDM across quintiles of a pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern, using the lowest quintile as the reference category. Results: We identified 178 incidence cases of GDM. Women in the highest quintile (Q5) of provegetarian food pattern before pregnancy exhibited a 42% relative reduction in the odds of GDM [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 0.58 (0.35, 0.97); p-trend = 0.109]. Higher consumption of meat and dairy before pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of GDM [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 1.94 (1.19, 3.16); p-trend = 0.005] and [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 1.77 (1.07, 2.94); p-trend = 0.082], respectively. Conclusions: Higher pre-pregnancy consumption of a provegetarian food pattern was associated with a lower risk of developing GDM in Spanish women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.The SUN Project has received funding from the Spanish Government-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (RD 06/0045, CIBEROBN, Grants PI10/02658, PI10/02293, PI13/00615, PI14/01668, PI14/01798, PI14/01764, PI17/01795, PI20/00564, PI21/01332 and G03/140), the Navarra Regional Government (27/2011, 45/2011, and 122/2014), the National Plan on Drugs (2020/021), and the University of Navarra.MDPICiencias de la SaludOsasun ZientziakGobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua2024info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2454/53506reponame:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarrainstname:Universidad Pública de NavarraInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement///PI10%2F02658info:eu-repo/grantAgreement///PI10%2F02293info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//PI13%2F00615info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//PI14%2F01668info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//PI14%2F01798info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//PI14%2F01764info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ISCIII/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016 (ISCIII)/PI17%2F01795info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ISCIII/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020 (ISCIII)/PI20%2F00564info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ISCIII/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020 (ISCIII)/PI21%2F01332info:eu-repo/grantAgreement///G03%2F140info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/Gobierno de Navarra//© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/535062026-06-17T12:41:47Z
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