Immunogenicity and efficacy of homologous and heterologous NDV and MVA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in mice and hamsters

Effective vaccination strategies adaptable to emerging viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and capable of inducing robust protective immunity are needed. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of homologous and heterologous prime/boost regimens against SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 mice and Syrian ha...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Pérez, Patricia, Jiang, Kaijun, González-Domínguez, Irene, Rodríguez-Martín, Daniel, Abdeljawad, Adam, Cupic, Anastasija, Slamanig, Stefan, Flores, Sara, Noriega, María A, Sánchez-Cordón, Pedro J., Lemus, Nicholas, Lai, Tsoi Ying, Sun, Weina, Esteban, Mariano, García-Sastre, Adolfo, García-Arriaza, Juan
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/414346
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/414346
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105022662050
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Pox virus
Vaccines
Viral vectors
Descripción
Sumario:Effective vaccination strategies adaptable to emerging viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and capable of inducing robust protective immunity are needed. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of homologous and heterologous prime/boost regimens against SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 mice and Syrian hamsters using Newcastle disease virus (NDV-HXP-S, intranasal) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA-S(3P), intramuscular) vectors encoding a prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. All regimens protected against weight loss and markedly reduced viral replication and lung pathology. Vaccination induced serum anti-S and anti-receptor binding domain IgGs and neutralizing antibodies against ancestral virus and variants. In mice, mucosal anti-S IgA and IgG were detected after NDV-HXP-S immunization. Homologous MVA-S(3P)/MVA-S(3P) and heterologous NDV-HXP-S/MVA-S(3P) elicited higher polyfunctional systemic T-cell responses, while homologous NDV-HXP-S/NDV-HXP-S induced stronger pulmonary CD8+ T cells. Hamsters vaccinated with NDV-HXP-S exhibited protection of the upper respiratory tract, with the NDV-HXP-S/MVA-S(3P) regimen showing a trend toward reduced direct contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2. These findings demonstrate the capacity of NDV and MVA vector platforms to induce robust systemic and mucosal antigen-specific humoral and T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, contributing to protection against both disease and transmission, and support further exploration of these vector platforms for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other pathogens.

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