Assessing roadside wildfire exposure and vulnerability: a case study of the GI-614 to Cadaqués (Catalonia, Spain)

Road networks located in wildfire-prone areas have been highlighted in past wildfire events as particularly vulnerable, especially when they are meant to be used for evacuation. In this paper we present a quantitative methodology for the assessment of the vulnerability of people and vehicles located...

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Autores: Vacca, Pascale|||0000-0001-5863-1030, Dossi, Simona|||0000-0002-2212-5934, Codina, Martí, Planas Cuchi, Eulàlia|||0000-0002-7053-3959, Pastor Ferrer, Elsa|||0000-0002-2985-3635
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:upcommonspor::bc6c186c213acfdb7f1bcbe7ac4a1ffa
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/460969
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104761
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Wildfire vulnerability
Outdoor fires
Road network
Tenability conditions
Wildfire simulations
Hybrid modelling
Cap de Creus natural Park
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spelling Assessing roadside wildfire exposure and vulnerability: a case study of the GI-614 to Cadaqués (Catalonia, Spain)Vacca, Pascale|||0000-0001-5863-1030Dossi, Simona|||0000-0002-2212-5934Codina, MartíPlanas Cuchi, Eulàlia|||0000-0002-7053-3959Pastor Ferrer, Elsa|||0000-0002-2985-3635Wildfire vulnerabilityOutdoor firesRoad networkTenability conditionsWildfire simulationsHybrid modellingCap de Creus natural ParkRoad networks located in wildfire-prone areas have been highlighted in past wildfire events as particularly vulnerable, especially when they are meant to be used for evacuation. In this paper we present a quantitative methodology for the assessment of the vulnerability of people and vehicles located on a road that is exposed to a wildfire. The approach consists of three steps: first, a qualitative analysis is performed to identify which section of a road is most hazardous; second, wildfire simulations are run to estimate the potential fire behaviour by the selected road segment; third, the fire behaviour characteristics obtained in the second step are used as inputs for FDS simulations to analyse the fire impact on the road. Performance criteria are defined for both vehicles and people to identify their vulnerability under the simulated fire conditions. The methodology is applied to the GI-614 road in Catalonia, Spain, for two wildfire scenarios. Results show that, under worst-case conditions, people would not be able to shelter safely inside their vehicles.This research was partially funded by European Union Civil Protection and Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Grant GA 101101169 WUITIPS UCPM-2022-PP, Grant GA101140381 FIREPRIME UCPM-2023-KAPP and Grants PID2020-114766RB-100 and PID2023-150607OB-I00 by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU). The authors would like to thank the Cadaqués Municipality, Consell Comarcal de l’Alt Empordà, Diputació de Girona, and Bombers de la Generalitat de Catalunya for providing data and insights for the definition of the wildfire scenarios.Elsevier20262026-09-0120262026-04-24journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/460969https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104761reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)InglésengEuropean Commission http://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 UCPM 101140381 FIREPRIMEAgencia Estatal de Investigación http://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020 PID2020-114766RB-I00 DESARROLLO DE UNA NUEVA METODOLOGIA BASADA EN IA Y CFD PARA UNA GESTION Y PLANIFICACION DINAMICA DE LAS EMERGENCIASAgencia Estatal de Investigación http://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2023-150607OB-I00 DESARROLLO DE UN NUEVO MARCO DE EVALUACION DE RIESGOS INTELIGENTE Y DINAMICO MEDIANTE EL USO DE IA Y CFDopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:upcommonspor::bc6c186c213acfdb7f1bcbe7ac4a1ffa2026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Assessing roadside wildfire exposure and vulnerability: a case study of the GI-614 to Cadaqués (Catalonia, Spain)
title Assessing roadside wildfire exposure and vulnerability: a case study of the GI-614 to Cadaqués (Catalonia, Spain)
spellingShingle Assessing roadside wildfire exposure and vulnerability: a case study of the GI-614 to Cadaqués (Catalonia, Spain)
Vacca, Pascale|||0000-0001-5863-1030
Wildfire vulnerability
Outdoor fires
Road network
Tenability conditions
Wildfire simulations
Hybrid modelling
Cap de Creus natural Park
title_short Assessing roadside wildfire exposure and vulnerability: a case study of the GI-614 to Cadaqués (Catalonia, Spain)
title_full Assessing roadside wildfire exposure and vulnerability: a case study of the GI-614 to Cadaqués (Catalonia, Spain)
title_fullStr Assessing roadside wildfire exposure and vulnerability: a case study of the GI-614 to Cadaqués (Catalonia, Spain)
title_full_unstemmed Assessing roadside wildfire exposure and vulnerability: a case study of the GI-614 to Cadaqués (Catalonia, Spain)
title_sort Assessing roadside wildfire exposure and vulnerability: a case study of the GI-614 to Cadaqués (Catalonia, Spain)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Vacca, Pascale|||0000-0001-5863-1030
Dossi, Simona|||0000-0002-2212-5934
Codina, Martí
Planas Cuchi, Eulàlia|||0000-0002-7053-3959
Pastor Ferrer, Elsa|||0000-0002-2985-3635
author Vacca, Pascale|||0000-0001-5863-1030
author_facet Vacca, Pascale|||0000-0001-5863-1030
Dossi, Simona|||0000-0002-2212-5934
Codina, Martí
Planas Cuchi, Eulàlia|||0000-0002-7053-3959
Pastor Ferrer, Elsa|||0000-0002-2985-3635
author_role author
author2 Dossi, Simona|||0000-0002-2212-5934
Codina, Martí
Planas Cuchi, Eulàlia|||0000-0002-7053-3959
Pastor Ferrer, Elsa|||0000-0002-2985-3635
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Wildfire vulnerability
Outdoor fires
Road network
Tenability conditions
Wildfire simulations
Hybrid modelling
Cap de Creus natural Park
topic Wildfire vulnerability
Outdoor fires
Road network
Tenability conditions
Wildfire simulations
Hybrid modelling
Cap de Creus natural Park
description Road networks located in wildfire-prone areas have been highlighted in past wildfire events as particularly vulnerable, especially when they are meant to be used for evacuation. In this paper we present a quantitative methodology for the assessment of the vulnerability of people and vehicles located on a road that is exposed to a wildfire. The approach consists of three steps: first, a qualitative analysis is performed to identify which section of a road is most hazardous; second, wildfire simulations are run to estimate the potential fire behaviour by the selected road segment; third, the fire behaviour characteristics obtained in the second step are used as inputs for FDS simulations to analyse the fire impact on the road. Performance criteria are defined for both vehicles and people to identify their vulnerability under the simulated fire conditions. The methodology is applied to the GI-614 road in Catalonia, Spain, for two wildfire scenarios. Results show that, under worst-case conditions, people would not be able to shelter safely inside their vehicles.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026-09-01
2026
2026-04-24
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/460969
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104761
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/460969
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104761
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv European Commission http://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 UCPM 101140381 FIREPRIME
Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020 PID2020-114766RB-I00 DESARROLLO DE UNA NUEVA METODOLOGIA BASADA EN IA Y CFD PARA UNA GESTION Y PLANIFICACION DINAMICA DE LAS EMERGENCIAS
Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2023-150607OB-I00 DESARROLLO DE UN NUEVO MARCO DE EVALUACION DE RIESGOS INTELIGENTE Y DINAMICO MEDIANTE EL USO DE IA Y CFD
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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