Hydrogeochemical variability of the acidic springs in the Rio Tinto headwaters

Peña de Hierro, located in southwest Spain, encompasses the springs and headwaters for the Rio Tinto River that emerge above normal faults and has been mined for its rich sulfide ore since 2500 BC. The springs are typically characterized by an orange coloration, typical pH of ~2.33, and contain elev...

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Autores: Allman, Christopher John, Gómez-Ortiz, David, Burke, Andrea, Amils, Ricardo, Rodríguez, Nuria, Fernández-Remolar, David
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/265838
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/265838
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Acid mine drainage
Rio Tinto acidic system
Spring hydrogeochemistry
Non-porous rock
Fracture aquifer
Iberian Pyrite Belt
SW Spain
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spelling Hydrogeochemical variability of the acidic springs in the Rio Tinto headwatersAllman, Christopher JohnGómez-Ortiz, DavidBurke, AndreaAmils, RicardoRodríguez, NuriaFernández-Remolar, DavidAcid mine drainageRio Tinto acidic systemSpring hydrogeochemistryNon-porous rockFracture aquiferIberian Pyrite BeltSW SpainPeña de Hierro, located in southwest Spain, encompasses the springs and headwaters for the Rio Tinto River that emerge above normal faults and has been mined for its rich sulfide ore since 2500 BC. The springs are typically characterized by an orange coloration, typical pH of ~2.33, and contain elevated concentrations of heavy metals that are produced by acid rock drainage (ARD). ARD is a natural phenomenon that results from chemolithoautotrophs metabolizing the sulfide ore. Mining has amplified the magnitude of the acidity and concentrations of heavy metals evidenced within sedimentary cores from the Huelva estuary. Acidity, redox state, hydrochemistry and isotopic analyses were examined for the purpose of characterizing the subsurface flows and determining the interconnectivity of the groundwaters. Previous studies have documented the geochemistry of the springs, dating a select few, yet many springs remain uncharacterized. Acidity presented spatial variability throughout the field area, caused by extensive sulfide interactions which generated and modified the pH. Redox exhibited a large range of values due to oxygen diffusivity though the fracture network. The surrounding geology is highly heterogeneous because of intensive deformation during the Variscan and Tertiary periods, and this heterogeneity is shown in the varied aqueous chemistry. Fractionation patterns observed in δ H and δ O values predominantly reflected enrichment by intensive evaporation and depletion in δ O as a result of the proposed sulfatic-water model for Rio Tinto’s hydrogeology. The analysis illustrates minimal hydrologic interconnectivity, evidenced by the extensive physical and chemical contrasts within such a small proximity.This research was funded by MICINN grant PID2019-1048126GB-I00.Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2022202220212022info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/265838reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésInglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICIU//PID2019-1048126GB-I00http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202861Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2658382026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Hydrogeochemical variability of the acidic springs in the Rio Tinto headwaters
title Hydrogeochemical variability of the acidic springs in the Rio Tinto headwaters
spellingShingle Hydrogeochemical variability of the acidic springs in the Rio Tinto headwaters
Allman, Christopher John
Acid mine drainage
Rio Tinto acidic system
Spring hydrogeochemistry
Non-porous rock
Fracture aquifer
Iberian Pyrite Belt
SW Spain
title_short Hydrogeochemical variability of the acidic springs in the Rio Tinto headwaters
title_full Hydrogeochemical variability of the acidic springs in the Rio Tinto headwaters
title_fullStr Hydrogeochemical variability of the acidic springs in the Rio Tinto headwaters
title_full_unstemmed Hydrogeochemical variability of the acidic springs in the Rio Tinto headwaters
title_sort Hydrogeochemical variability of the acidic springs in the Rio Tinto headwaters
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Allman, Christopher John
Gómez-Ortiz, David
Burke, Andrea
Amils, Ricardo
Rodríguez, Nuria
Fernández-Remolar, David
author Allman, Christopher John
author_facet Allman, Christopher John
Gómez-Ortiz, David
Burke, Andrea
Amils, Ricardo
Rodríguez, Nuria
Fernández-Remolar, David
author_role author
author2 Gómez-Ortiz, David
Burke, Andrea
Amils, Ricardo
Rodríguez, Nuria
Fernández-Remolar, David
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Acid mine drainage
Rio Tinto acidic system
Spring hydrogeochemistry
Non-porous rock
Fracture aquifer
Iberian Pyrite Belt
SW Spain
topic Acid mine drainage
Rio Tinto acidic system
Spring hydrogeochemistry
Non-porous rock
Fracture aquifer
Iberian Pyrite Belt
SW Spain
description Peña de Hierro, located in southwest Spain, encompasses the springs and headwaters for the Rio Tinto River that emerge above normal faults and has been mined for its rich sulfide ore since 2500 BC. The springs are typically characterized by an orange coloration, typical pH of ~2.33, and contain elevated concentrations of heavy metals that are produced by acid rock drainage (ARD). ARD is a natural phenomenon that results from chemolithoautotrophs metabolizing the sulfide ore. Mining has amplified the magnitude of the acidity and concentrations of heavy metals evidenced within sedimentary cores from the Huelva estuary. Acidity, redox state, hydrochemistry and isotopic analyses were examined for the purpose of characterizing the subsurface flows and determining the interconnectivity of the groundwaters. Previous studies have documented the geochemistry of the springs, dating a select few, yet many springs remain uncharacterized. Acidity presented spatial variability throughout the field area, caused by extensive sulfide interactions which generated and modified the pH. Redox exhibited a large range of values due to oxygen diffusivity though the fracture network. The surrounding geology is highly heterogeneous because of intensive deformation during the Variscan and Tertiary periods, and this heterogeneity is shown in the varied aqueous chemistry. Fractionation patterns observed in δ H and δ O values predominantly reflected enrichment by intensive evaporation and depletion in δ O as a result of the proposed sulfatic-water model for Rio Tinto’s hydrogeology. The analysis illustrates minimal hydrologic interconnectivity, evidenced by the extensive physical and chemical contrasts within such a small proximity.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2022
2022
2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/265838
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/265838
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICIU//PID2019-1048126GB-I00
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202861
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.81155

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