New insights into the molecular structure and dynamics of a recyclable and ionically crosslinked carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR)

Ionic crosslinking offers a route to rubber reprocessability due to ion pairs’ dynamism, with recent studies focusing on tensile properties recovery. However, this research aims to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the recyclability of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR), spotl...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Utrera-Barrios, Saul, Verdugo Manzanares, Reyes, Grande, Antonio Mattia, Verdejo, Raquel, López-Manchado, Miguel Ángel, Hernández, Marianella
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/414400
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/414400
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85170034749
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Circular economy
Ionic network
Molecular dynamics
Nitrile rubber
Recycling
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spelling New insights into the molecular structure and dynamics of a recyclable and ionically crosslinked carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR)Utrera-Barrios, SaulVerdugo Manzanares, ReyesGrande, Antonio MattiaVerdejo, RaquelLópez-Manchado, Miguel ÁngelHernández, MarianellaCircular economyIonic networkMolecular dynamicsNitrile rubberRecyclingIonic crosslinking offers a route to rubber reprocessability due to ion pairs’ dynamism, with recent studies focusing on tensile properties recovery. However, this research aims to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the recyclability of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR), spotlighting changes in molecular dynamics through multiple recycling cycles beyond tensile tests. A uniquely recyclable XNBR, incorporating ZnO as a multifunctional additive, was designed alongside a simple, scalable, two-step recycling process. Evidence of the delicate balance between crosslink density and molecular entanglements that affects the dynamics of the recycled material was found. Recycling also restricts the molecular dynamics near ionic domains; attributed to a higher crosslink density (from 3.69×10<sup>-5</sup> mol cm<sup>−3</sup> in the pristine sample to 6.00×10<sup>-5</sup> mol cm<sup>−3</sup> after the third cycle), caused by a decreased ionic clusters size (aggregation number drops from 12.2 to 6.9). Remarkably, negligible differences (<10%) in compressive fatigue behavior and an enhanced chemical resistance in different solvents (up to 350% increase in motor oil) were also observed, ensuring suitable performance in conditions closer to service. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of XNBR recycling and provides a broad understanding of this material at the molecular level.The authors acknowledge the State Research Agency of Spain (AEI) for a research contract (PID2019-107501RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033) and M. Hernández Santana for a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2017-22837). S. Utrera-Barrios acknowledges the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) for a predoctoral contract (PIE- 202060E183). R. Verdugo Manzanares acknowledges the Community of Madrid for a research assistant contract (PEJ-2019-AI/IND-1635). All authors also acknowledge Arlanxeo for kindly providing XNBR and PTI +SusPlast from CSIC for their support.Peer reviewedElsevierAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Comunidad de MadridUtrera-Barrios, Saul [0000-0003-4604-2305]Verdugo Manzanares, Reyes [0000-0001-7861-0093]Verdejo, Raquel [0000-0002-3049-0632]López-Manchado, Miguel Ángel [0000-0002-2425-4000]Hernández, Marianella [0000-0002-0609-3485]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202620262023info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/414400https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85170034749reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-107501RB-I00PEJ-2019-AI/IND-1635https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112273Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4144002026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv New insights into the molecular structure and dynamics of a recyclable and ionically crosslinked carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR)
title New insights into the molecular structure and dynamics of a recyclable and ionically crosslinked carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR)
spellingShingle New insights into the molecular structure and dynamics of a recyclable and ionically crosslinked carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR)
Utrera-Barrios, Saul
Circular economy
Ionic network
Molecular dynamics
Nitrile rubber
Recycling
title_short New insights into the molecular structure and dynamics of a recyclable and ionically crosslinked carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR)
title_full New insights into the molecular structure and dynamics of a recyclable and ionically crosslinked carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR)
title_fullStr New insights into the molecular structure and dynamics of a recyclable and ionically crosslinked carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR)
title_full_unstemmed New insights into the molecular structure and dynamics of a recyclable and ionically crosslinked carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR)
title_sort New insights into the molecular structure and dynamics of a recyclable and ionically crosslinked carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Utrera-Barrios, Saul
Verdugo Manzanares, Reyes
Grande, Antonio Mattia
Verdejo, Raquel
López-Manchado, Miguel Ángel
Hernández, Marianella
author Utrera-Barrios, Saul
author_facet Utrera-Barrios, Saul
Verdugo Manzanares, Reyes
Grande, Antonio Mattia
Verdejo, Raquel
López-Manchado, Miguel Ángel
Hernández, Marianella
author_role author
author2 Verdugo Manzanares, Reyes
Grande, Antonio Mattia
Verdejo, Raquel
López-Manchado, Miguel Ángel
Hernández, Marianella
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Comunidad de Madrid
Utrera-Barrios, Saul [0000-0003-4604-2305]
Verdugo Manzanares, Reyes [0000-0001-7861-0093]
Verdejo, Raquel [0000-0002-3049-0632]
López-Manchado, Miguel Ángel [0000-0002-2425-4000]
Hernández, Marianella [0000-0002-0609-3485]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Circular economy
Ionic network
Molecular dynamics
Nitrile rubber
Recycling
topic Circular economy
Ionic network
Molecular dynamics
Nitrile rubber
Recycling
description Ionic crosslinking offers a route to rubber reprocessability due to ion pairs’ dynamism, with recent studies focusing on tensile properties recovery. However, this research aims to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the recyclability of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR), spotlighting changes in molecular dynamics through multiple recycling cycles beyond tensile tests. A uniquely recyclable XNBR, incorporating ZnO as a multifunctional additive, was designed alongside a simple, scalable, two-step recycling process. Evidence of the delicate balance between crosslink density and molecular entanglements that affects the dynamics of the recycled material was found. Recycling also restricts the molecular dynamics near ionic domains; attributed to a higher crosslink density (from 3.69×10<sup>-5</sup> mol cm<sup>−3</sup> in the pristine sample to 6.00×10<sup>-5</sup> mol cm<sup>−3</sup> after the third cycle), caused by a decreased ionic clusters size (aggregation number drops from 12.2 to 6.9). Remarkably, negligible differences (<10%) in compressive fatigue behavior and an enhanced chemical resistance in different solvents (up to 350% increase in motor oil) were also observed, ensuring suitable performance in conditions closer to service. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of XNBR recycling and provides a broad understanding of this material at the molecular level.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/414400
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85170034749
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/414400
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85170034749
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-107501RB-I00
PEJ-2019-AI/IND-1635
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112273
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
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reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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