Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbird

Waterbirds are particularly affected by the high hunting pressure they face in many regions, which in some cases is compromising conservation actions for threatened species. The marbled teal Marmaronetta angustirostris is one of the most endangered waterbirds in Europe. In order to restore its popul...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Pérez-García, Juan M., Sebastián-González, Esther, Rodríguez-Caro, Roberto Carlos, Sanz-Aguilar, Ana, Botella, Francisco
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/375246
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/375246
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85169703746
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Translocation
Captivity breeding
GPS tracking
Hunting
Illegal shooting
Marbled teal
Survival
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbird
title Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbird
spellingShingle Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbird
Pérez-García, Juan M.
Translocation
Captivity breeding
GPS tracking
Hunting
Illegal shooting
Marbled teal
Survival
title_short Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbird
title_full Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbird
title_fullStr Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbird
title_full_unstemmed Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbird
title_sort Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbird
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pérez-García, Juan M.
Sebastián-González, Esther
Rodríguez-Caro, Roberto Carlos
Sanz-Aguilar, Ana
Botella, Francisco
author Pérez-García, Juan M.
author_facet Pérez-García, Juan M.
Sebastián-González, Esther
Rodríguez-Caro, Roberto Carlos
Sanz-Aguilar, Ana
Botella, Francisco
author_role author
author2 Sebastián-González, Esther
Rodríguez-Caro, Roberto Carlos
Sanz-Aguilar, Ana
Botella, Francisco
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Generalitat Valenciana
Ministerio de Transición Ecológica (España)
Fundación Biodiversidad
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
European Commission
Pérez-García, Juan M. [0000-0002-1191-0187]
Sebastián-González, Esther [0000-0001-7229-1845]
Rodríguez-Caro, Roberto Carlos [0000-0003-2321-9497]
Sanz-Aguilar, Ana [0000-0002-4177-9749]
Botella, Francisco [0000-0002-1877-5360]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Translocation
Captivity breeding
GPS tracking
Hunting
Illegal shooting
Marbled teal
Survival
topic Translocation
Captivity breeding
GPS tracking
Hunting
Illegal shooting
Marbled teal
Survival
description Waterbirds are particularly affected by the high hunting pressure they face in many regions, which in some cases is compromising conservation actions for threatened species. The marbled teal Marmaronetta angustirostris is one of the most endangered waterbirds in Europe. In order to restore its population, several conservation actions have recently been undertaken, including a population reinforcement programme in Spain using captive-bred birds. With the aim of assessing the success of the reinforcement programme to establish a long-term self-sustaining population, we identified mortality causes of marbled teal, evaluated the survival of individual birds of the reinforcement programme and estimated the viability of the population under different management scenarios. We used data from wild and captive-bred individuals tracked by GPS since 2018 (n = 42) and from a mark–recapture programme initiated in 2015 (n = 297). We recovered 15 dead birds or transmitters: 20% died of natural causes, 60% of non-natural causes (including all anthropic causes) and 20% of unknown causes. Furthermore, the GPS tags of 24 birds unexpectedly stopped transmitting without any indication of malfunction, and for 66.7% of these disappeared birds, the cessation was suspected to be caused by illegal shooting. Survival during the hunting season was higher for males (31.3%) than for females (12.5%), and for the wild (50%) than for the captive-bred birds (9.4%), probably due to differences in migration patterns to North Africa. Population viability models revealed that maintaining the breeding population at the current mortality rates is only possible with a permanent release programme of captive-bred individuals, and that in order to establish a self-sustaining population, non-natural mortality would have to be reduced by at least 40%. We recommend management measures to reduce marbled teal mortality, such as limiting legal hunting to hours with clear visibility, prosecuting illegal shootings, controlling exotic predators and improving water management to reduce disease outbreaks. Some improvements can be implemented in captive-breeding programmes, such as earlier release times and incorporating anti-predator training.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024
2024
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/375246
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url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/375246
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons
publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons
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spelling Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbirdPérez-García, Juan M.Sebastián-González, EstherRodríguez-Caro, Roberto CarlosSanz-Aguilar, AnaBotella, FranciscoTranslocationCaptivity breedingGPS trackingHuntingIllegal shootingMarbled tealSurvivalWaterbirds are particularly affected by the high hunting pressure they face in many regions, which in some cases is compromising conservation actions for threatened species. The marbled teal Marmaronetta angustirostris is one of the most endangered waterbirds in Europe. In order to restore its population, several conservation actions have recently been undertaken, including a population reinforcement programme in Spain using captive-bred birds. With the aim of assessing the success of the reinforcement programme to establish a long-term self-sustaining population, we identified mortality causes of marbled teal, evaluated the survival of individual birds of the reinforcement programme and estimated the viability of the population under different management scenarios. We used data from wild and captive-bred individuals tracked by GPS since 2018 (n = 42) and from a mark–recapture programme initiated in 2015 (n = 297). We recovered 15 dead birds or transmitters: 20% died of natural causes, 60% of non-natural causes (including all anthropic causes) and 20% of unknown causes. Furthermore, the GPS tags of 24 birds unexpectedly stopped transmitting without any indication of malfunction, and for 66.7% of these disappeared birds, the cessation was suspected to be caused by illegal shooting. Survival during the hunting season was higher for males (31.3%) than for females (12.5%), and for the wild (50%) than for the captive-bred birds (9.4%), probably due to differences in migration patterns to North Africa. Population viability models revealed that maintaining the breeding population at the current mortality rates is only possible with a permanent release programme of captive-bred individuals, and that in order to establish a self-sustaining population, non-natural mortality would have to be reduced by at least 40%. We recommend management measures to reduce marbled teal mortality, such as limiting legal hunting to hours with clear visibility, prosecuting illegal shootings, controlling exotic predators and improving water management to reduce disease outbreaks. Some improvements can be implemented in captive-breeding programmes, such as earlier release times and incorporating anti-predator training.The transmitters were funded by the Generalitat Valenciana, the Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Biodiversity Foundation. JMPG was supported by a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities postdoctoral contract IJC-2019-038968 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. ESG and ASA received the grants RYC2019-027216-I and RYC-2017-22796 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ESF Investing in your future. RCRC was supported by the European Union-Next Generation EU in the Maria Zambrano Program (ZAMBRANO 21-26). The present research was carried out within the framework of the activities of the Spanish Government through the ‘Maria de Maeztu Centre of Excellence’ accreditation to IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) (CEX2021-001198).With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001198).Peer reviewedJohn Wiley & SonsMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Generalitat ValencianaMinisterio de Transición Ecológica (España)Fundación BiodiversidadMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)European CommissionPérez-García, Juan M. [0000-0002-1191-0187]Sebastián-González, Esther [0000-0001-7229-1845]Rodríguez-Caro, Roberto Carlos [0000-0003-2321-9497]Sanz-Aguilar, Ana [0000-0002-4177-9749]Botella, Francisco [0000-0002-1877-5360]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202420242024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/375246https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85169703746reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. 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