Role of nanostructures in allergy: Diagnostics, treatments and safety
Nanotechnology is science, engineering and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1–100 nm. It has led to the development of nanomaterials, which be have very differently from materials with larger scales and can have a wide range of applications in biomedicine. The physical and chemi...
| Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | article |
| Status: | Published version |
| Publication Date: | 2021 |
| Country: | España |
| Institution: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repository: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/235485 |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/235485 |
| Access Level: | Open access |
| Keyword: | Allergy Dendrimers Diagnostic test Immnunotherapy Nanostructures |
| Summary: | Nanotechnology is science, engineering and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1–100 nm. It has led to the development of nanomaterials, which be have very differently from materials with larger scales and can have a wide range of applications in biomedicine. The physical and chemical properties of materials of such small compounds depend mainly on the size, shape, composition and func tionalization of the system. Nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, polymers, dendrimers and nanogels, among others, can be nanoengineeried for controlling all parameters, including their functionalization with ligands, which provide the desired interaction with the immunological system, that is dendritic cell receptors to acti vate and/or modulate the response, as well as specific IgE, or effector cell receptors. However, undesired issues related to toxicity and hypersensitivity responses can also happen and would need evaluation. There are wide panels of accessible structures, and controlling their physico-chemical properties would permit obtaining safer and more efficient compounds for clinical applications goals, either in diagnosis or treat ment. The application of dendrimeric antigens, nanoallergens and nanoparticles in al lergy diagnosis is very promising since it can improve sensitivity by increasing specific IgE binding, mimicking carrier proteins or enhancing signal detection. Additionally, in the case of immunotherapy, glycodendrimers, liposomes, polymers and nanoparti cles have shown interest, behaving as platforms of allergenic structures, adjuvants or protectors of allergen from degradation or having a depot capacity. Taken together, the application of nanotechnology to allergy shows promising facts facing important goals related to the improvement of diagnosis as well as specific immunotherapy |
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