What Are the Roles of Proprotein Convertases in the Immune Escape of Tumors?

Protein convertases (PCs) play a significant role in post-translational procedures by transforming inactive precursor proteins into their active forms. The role of PCs is crucial for cellular homeostasis because they are involved in cell signaling. They have also been described in many diseases such...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Mehranzadeh, Elham, Crende Arruabarrena, Olatz, Badiola Echaburu, Iker, García Gallastegui, Patricia
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universidad del País Vasco
Repositorio:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
OAI Identifier:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/59209
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10810/59209
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:proprotein convertases
PCs
furin
PCSK9
tumor immune escape
TME
cytokines
tumor hallmarks
immunoediting
cancer
id ES_075cc5ce2ba74575475dfbee3aa3bb96
oai_identifier_str oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/59209
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
spelling What Are the Roles of Proprotein Convertases in the Immune Escape of Tumors?Mehranzadeh, ElhamCrende Arruabarrena, OlatzBadiola Echaburu, IkerGarcía Gallastegui, Patriciaproprotein convertasesPCsfurinPCSK9tumor immune escapeTMEcytokinestumor hallmarksimmunoeditingcancerProtein convertases (PCs) play a significant role in post-translational procedures by transforming inactive precursor proteins into their active forms. The role of PCs is crucial for cellular homeostasis because they are involved in cell signaling. They have also been described in many diseases such as Alzheimer’s and cancer. Cancer cells are secretory cells that send signals to the tumor microenvironment (TME), remodeling the surrounding space for their own benefits. One of the most important components of the TME is the immune system of the tumor. In this review, we describe recent discoveries that link PCs to the immune escape of tumors. Among PCs, many findings have determined the role of Furin (PC3) as a paramount enzyme causing the TME to induce tumor immune evasion. The overexpression of various cytokines and proteins, for instance, IL10 and TGF-B, moves the TME towards the presence of Tregs and, consequently, immune tolerance. Furthermore, Furin is implicated in the regulation of macrophage activity that contributes to the increased impairment of DCs (dendritic cells) and T effector cells. Moreover, Furin interferes in the MHC Class_1 proteolytic cleavage in the trans-Golgi network. In tumors, the T cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) response is impeded by the PD1 receptor (PD1-R) located on CTLs and its ligand, PDL1, located on cancer cells. The inhibition of Furin is a subtle means of enhancing the antitumor response by repressing PD-1 expression in tumors or macrophage cells. The impacts of other PCs in tumor immune escape have not yet been clarified to the extent that Furin has. Accordingly, the influence of other types of PCs in tumor immune escape is a promising topic for further consideration.This research received Basque Government Funding, IT1751-22.MDPI2023202320222022info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/59209reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigacióninstname:Universidad del País VascoIngléshttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3292info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2022 by the authors.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/592092026-06-18T09:23:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv What Are the Roles of Proprotein Convertases in the Immune Escape of Tumors?
title What Are the Roles of Proprotein Convertases in the Immune Escape of Tumors?
spellingShingle What Are the Roles of Proprotein Convertases in the Immune Escape of Tumors?
Mehranzadeh, Elham
proprotein convertases
PCs
furin
PCSK9
tumor immune escape
TME
cytokines
tumor hallmarks
immunoediting
cancer
title_short What Are the Roles of Proprotein Convertases in the Immune Escape of Tumors?
title_full What Are the Roles of Proprotein Convertases in the Immune Escape of Tumors?
title_fullStr What Are the Roles of Proprotein Convertases in the Immune Escape of Tumors?
title_full_unstemmed What Are the Roles of Proprotein Convertases in the Immune Escape of Tumors?
title_sort What Are the Roles of Proprotein Convertases in the Immune Escape of Tumors?
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Mehranzadeh, Elham
Crende Arruabarrena, Olatz
Badiola Echaburu, Iker
García Gallastegui, Patricia
author Mehranzadeh, Elham
author_facet Mehranzadeh, Elham
Crende Arruabarrena, Olatz
Badiola Echaburu, Iker
García Gallastegui, Patricia
author_role author
author2 Crende Arruabarrena, Olatz
Badiola Echaburu, Iker
García Gallastegui, Patricia
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv proprotein convertases
PCs
furin
PCSK9
tumor immune escape
TME
cytokines
tumor hallmarks
immunoediting
cancer
topic proprotein convertases
PCs
furin
PCSK9
tumor immune escape
TME
cytokines
tumor hallmarks
immunoediting
cancer
description Protein convertases (PCs) play a significant role in post-translational procedures by transforming inactive precursor proteins into their active forms. The role of PCs is crucial for cellular homeostasis because they are involved in cell signaling. They have also been described in many diseases such as Alzheimer’s and cancer. Cancer cells are secretory cells that send signals to the tumor microenvironment (TME), remodeling the surrounding space for their own benefits. One of the most important components of the TME is the immune system of the tumor. In this review, we describe recent discoveries that link PCs to the immune escape of tumors. Among PCs, many findings have determined the role of Furin (PC3) as a paramount enzyme causing the TME to induce tumor immune evasion. The overexpression of various cytokines and proteins, for instance, IL10 and TGF-B, moves the TME towards the presence of Tregs and, consequently, immune tolerance. Furthermore, Furin is implicated in the regulation of macrophage activity that contributes to the increased impairment of DCs (dendritic cells) and T effector cells. Moreover, Furin interferes in the MHC Class_1 proteolytic cleavage in the trans-Golgi network. In tumors, the T cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) response is impeded by the PD1 receptor (PD1-R) located on CTLs and its ligand, PDL1, located on cancer cells. The inhibition of Furin is a subtle means of enhancing the antitumor response by repressing PD-1 expression in tumors or macrophage cells. The impacts of other PCs in tumor immune escape have not yet been clarified to the extent that Furin has. Accordingly, the influence of other types of PCs in tumor immune escape is a promising topic for further consideration.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022
2023
2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10810/59209
url http://hdl.handle.net/10810/59209
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3292
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
instname:Universidad del País Vasco
instname_str Universidad del País Vasco
reponame_str Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
collection Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869402977983266816
score 15,300719

Similares en LA Referencia