Variable structures in the stellar wind of the HMXB Vela X-1
[Context] Strong stellar winds are an important feature in wind-accreting high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) systems. Exploring their structure provides valuable insights into stellar evolution and their influence on surrounding environments. However, the long-term evolution and temporal variability of t...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2024 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/379930 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/379930 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Stars: winds, outflows Binaries: eclipsing Stars: massive Stars: neutron |
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ES_06d84ed0c4decd01da56a763c4e1a33d |
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oai:digital.csic.es:10261/379930 |
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España |
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Variable structures in the stellar wind of the HMXB Vela X-1 |
| title |
Variable structures in the stellar wind of the HMXB Vela X-1 |
| spellingShingle |
Variable structures in the stellar wind of the HMXB Vela X-1 Abalo, Luis Stars: winds, outflows Binaries: eclipsing Stars: massive Stars: neutron |
| title_short |
Variable structures in the stellar wind of the HMXB Vela X-1 |
| title_full |
Variable structures in the stellar wind of the HMXB Vela X-1 |
| title_fullStr |
Variable structures in the stellar wind of the HMXB Vela X-1 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Variable structures in the stellar wind of the HMXB Vela X-1 |
| title_sort |
Variable structures in the stellar wind of the HMXB Vela X-1 |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Abalo, Luis Kretschmar, Peter Fürst, Felix Diez, Camille El Mellah, Ileyk Grinberg, Victoria Guainazzi, Matteo Martínez-Núñez, Silvia Manousakis, A. Amato, Roberta Zhou, Menglei Beijersbergen, M. W. |
| author |
Abalo, Luis |
| author_facet |
Abalo, Luis Kretschmar, Peter Fürst, Felix Diez, Camille El Mellah, Ileyk Grinberg, Victoria Guainazzi, Matteo Martínez-Núñez, Silvia Manousakis, A. Amato, Roberta Zhou, Menglei Beijersbergen, M. W. |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Kretschmar, Peter Fürst, Felix Diez, Camille El Mellah, Ileyk Grinberg, Victoria Guainazzi, Matteo Martínez-Núñez, Silvia Manousakis, A. Amato, Roberta Zhou, Menglei Beijersbergen, M. W. |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España) Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) European Commission European Space Agency Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España) CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Stars: winds, outflows Binaries: eclipsing Stars: massive Stars: neutron |
| topic |
Stars: winds, outflows Binaries: eclipsing Stars: massive Stars: neutron |
| description |
[Context] Strong stellar winds are an important feature in wind-accreting high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) systems. Exploring their structure provides valuable insights into stellar evolution and their influence on surrounding environments. However, the long-term evolution and temporal variability of these wind structures are not fully understood. |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2024 2025 2025 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/379930 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/379930 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-122955OB-C41 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450168 Sí |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
EDP Sciences |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
EDP Sciences |
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reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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1869402942759501824 |
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Variable structures in the stellar wind of the HMXB Vela X-1Abalo, LuisKretschmar, PeterFürst, FelixDiez, CamilleEl Mellah, IleykGrinberg, VictoriaGuainazzi, MatteoMartínez-Núñez, SilviaManousakis, A.Amato, RobertaZhou, MengleiBeijersbergen, M. W.Stars: winds, outflowsBinaries: eclipsingStars: massiveStars: neutron[Context] Strong stellar winds are an important feature in wind-accreting high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) systems. Exploring their structure provides valuable insights into stellar evolution and their influence on surrounding environments. However, the long-term evolution and temporal variability of these wind structures are not fully understood.[Aims] This work probes the archetypal wind-accreting HMXB Vela X-1 using the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) instrument to study the orbit-to-orbit absorption variability in the 2-10 keV energy band across more than 14 years of observations. Additionally, the relationship between hardness ratio trends in different binary orbits and the spin state of the neutron star is investigated.[Methods]We calculated X-ray hardness ratios to track absorption variability, comparing flux changes across various energy bands, as the effect of absorption on the flux is energy-dependent. We assessed variability by comparing the hardness ratio trends in our sample of binary orbits to the long-term averaged hardness ratio evolution derived from all available MAXI data.[Results] Consistent with prior research, the long-term averaged hardness ratio evolution shows a stable pattern. However, the examination of individual binary orbits reveals a different hardness ratio evolution between consecutive orbits with no evident periodicity within the observed time span. We find that fewer than half of the inspected binary orbits align with the long-term averaged hardness evolution. Moreover, neutron star spin-up episodes exhibit more harder-than-average hardness trends compared to spin-down episodes, although their distributions overlap considerably.[Conclusions] The long-term averaged hardness ratio dispersion and evolution are consistent with absorption column densities reported in literature from short observations, indicating that a heterogeneous wind structure – from accretion wakes to individual wind clumps – likely drives these variations. The variability observed from orbit to orbit suggests that pointed X-ray observations provide limited insights into the overall behaviour of the wind structure. Furthermore, the link between the spin state of the neutron star and the variability in orbit-to-orbit hardness trends highlights the impact of accretion processes on absorption. This connection suggests varying accretion states influenced by fluctuations in stellar wind density.LA acknowledges the support by cosine measurement systems, and SMN acknowledges funding under project PID2021-122955OB-C41 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’. We acknowledge support from ESA through the Science Faculty – Funding reference ESA-SCI-SC-LE-181, the Institute of Space Science (ICE) – CSIC, and the Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC). This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through ISSI International Team project #495 (Feeding the spinning top).Peer reviewedEDP SciencesAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)European CommissionEuropean Space AgencyConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/379930reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-122955OB-C41https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450168Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3799302026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
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15,81155 |