Towards a tree vigor definition: Different responses of defoliation, growth and water-use efficiency to drought in pine and oak species
An improved definition of tree vigor is required to characterize forest resilience in response to drought. We developed a vigor index based on annual crown defoliation and radial-growth data. The index was applied to stone pine (Pinus pinea) and cork oak (Quercus suber) trees affected by die-off in...
| Autores: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/403145 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/403145 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105012245653 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Crown defoliation Dendrometer Drought stress Forest die-off Growth decline |
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Towards a tree vigor definition: Different responses of defoliation, growth and water-use efficiency to drought in pine and oak species |
| title |
Towards a tree vigor definition: Different responses of defoliation, growth and water-use efficiency to drought in pine and oak species |
| spellingShingle |
Towards a tree vigor definition: Different responses of defoliation, growth and water-use efficiency to drought in pine and oak species Camarero, Jesús Julio Crown defoliation Dendrometer Drought stress Forest die-off Growth decline |
| title_short |
Towards a tree vigor definition: Different responses of defoliation, growth and water-use efficiency to drought in pine and oak species |
| title_full |
Towards a tree vigor definition: Different responses of defoliation, growth and water-use efficiency to drought in pine and oak species |
| title_fullStr |
Towards a tree vigor definition: Different responses of defoliation, growth and water-use efficiency to drought in pine and oak species |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Towards a tree vigor definition: Different responses of defoliation, growth and water-use efficiency to drought in pine and oak species |
| title_sort |
Towards a tree vigor definition: Different responses of defoliation, growth and water-use efficiency to drought in pine and oak species |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Camarero, Jesús Julio Gazol Burgos, Antonio Díaz-Delgado, Ricardo Aragonés, David Valeriano, Cristina Fernández Cortés, Ángel |
| author |
Camarero, Jesús Julio |
| author_facet |
Camarero, Jesús Julio Gazol Burgos, Antonio Díaz-Delgado, Ricardo Aragonés, David Valeriano, Cristina Fernández Cortés, Ángel |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Gazol Burgos, Antonio Díaz-Delgado, Ricardo Aragonés, David Valeriano, Cristina Fernández Cortés, Ángel |
| author2_role |
author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
National Science Foundation (US) Department of Agriculture (US) Department of Energy (US) U.S. Geological Survey Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) European Commission Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España) Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España) Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922] Gazol Burgos, Antonio [0000-0001-5902-9543] Díaz-Delgado, Ricardo [0000-0002-0460-4616] Aragonés, David [0000-0003-4989-9005] Valeriano, Cristina [0000-0001-7687-1417] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Crown defoliation Dendrometer Drought stress Forest die-off Growth decline |
| topic |
Crown defoliation Dendrometer Drought stress Forest die-off Growth decline |
| description |
An improved definition of tree vigor is required to characterize forest resilience in response to drought. We developed a vigor index based on annual crown defoliation and radial-growth data. The index was applied to stone pine (Pinus pinea) and cork oak (Quercus suber) trees affected by die-off in the Doñana National Park (SW Spain), comparing a dry and a wet site. Climate data were correlated with defoliation, growth and the vigor index. Daily measures of cover greenness (gcc, green chromatic coordinate), obtained from phenocams (period 2018 −2024), and changes in stem radial growth and tree water deficit, obtained from dendrometers (2024 growing season), were also investigated. Finally, we used δ13C wood data to retrospectively assess intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). During 2024, pines grew more than oaks on a yearly basis according to dendrometer data (2.0 vs. 0.5 mm), but annual tree rings were wider in oaks (4.34 mm) than in pines (2.50 mm). Tree water deficit was higher in oaks. In the dry site, gcc and stone pine water deficit were negatively associated, whereas in the wet site gcc and the cork oak growth rate were positively associated. Cork oak showed higher annual defoliation (26 %) than the pine (22 %). Defoliation increased in both species, whilst basal area increment decreased after the 2005 and 2012 droughts in stone pine and cork oak, respectively. The vigor index declined in the stone pine. Dry and warm winter-to-spring conditions and low soil moisture levels increased defoliation and reduced growth. Cork oak and stone pine responded more to drought in terms of defoliation and growth, respectively. The stone pine showed a sharp increase of iWUE after 2016, but the oak presented a more recent iWUE enhancement. Future research can refine the vigor index using longer time series of defoliation and growth data from multiple tree species. |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2025 2025 2025 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/403145 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105012245653 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/403145 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105012245653 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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Elsevier BV |
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Towards a tree vigor definition: Different responses of defoliation, growth and water-use efficiency to drought in pine and oak speciesCamarero, Jesús JulioGazol Burgos, AntonioDíaz-Delgado, RicardoAragonés, DavidValeriano, CristinaFernández Cortés, ÁngelCrown defoliationDendrometerDrought stressForest die-offGrowth declineAn improved definition of tree vigor is required to characterize forest resilience in response to drought. We developed a vigor index based on annual crown defoliation and radial-growth data. The index was applied to stone pine (Pinus pinea) and cork oak (Quercus suber) trees affected by die-off in the Doñana National Park (SW Spain), comparing a dry and a wet site. Climate data were correlated with defoliation, growth and the vigor index. Daily measures of cover greenness (gcc, green chromatic coordinate), obtained from phenocams (period 2018 −2024), and changes in stem radial growth and tree water deficit, obtained from dendrometers (2024 growing season), were also investigated. Finally, we used δ13C wood data to retrospectively assess intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). During 2024, pines grew more than oaks on a yearly basis according to dendrometer data (2.0 vs. 0.5 mm), but annual tree rings were wider in oaks (4.34 mm) than in pines (2.50 mm). Tree water deficit was higher in oaks. In the dry site, gcc and stone pine water deficit were negatively associated, whereas in the wet site gcc and the cork oak growth rate were positively associated. Cork oak showed higher annual defoliation (26 %) than the pine (22 %). Defoliation increased in both species, whilst basal area increment decreased after the 2005 and 2012 droughts in stone pine and cork oak, respectively. The vigor index declined in the stone pine. Dry and warm winter-to-spring conditions and low soil moisture levels increased defoliation and reduced growth. Cork oak and stone pine responded more to drought in terms of defoliation and growth, respectively. The stone pine showed a sharp increase of iWUE after 2016, but the oak presented a more recent iWUE enhancement. Future research can refine the vigor index using longer time series of defoliation and growth data from multiple tree species.Data used in this research were provided by the PhenoCam Network, which has been supported by the National Science Foundation, the Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network which is supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Northeastern States Research Cooperative, and the USA National Phenology Network. We thank the PhenoCam Network collaborators, including site PIs and technicians, for publicly sharing the data that were used in this paper. Phenocam sites are maintained by the ICTS Doñana Scientific Reserve, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science. The authors thank ICTS-RBD (Infraestructura Científica y Técnica Singular- Reserva Biológica de Doñana) funded by ICTS-MICIN program, and the managers of DBR for their help in accessing sampled sites. Phenocams were acquired through the project “Adaptation and improvement of the ICTS e-Infrastructure ICTS-RBD for LifeWatch (FEDER FICTS-2014/01/AIC-A-2011–0706)” through the European Regional Development Fund [SUMHAL, LIFEWATCH-2019–09-CSIC-4, POPE 2014–2020] and eLTER Plus project (INFRAIA, Horizon 2020, Agreement no. 871128). This study was funded by projects PID2021–123675OB-C43 and TED2021–129770B-C21 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation). AG was supported by by CSIC under grant PIE-20223AT003.Peer reviewedElsevier BVNational Science Foundation (US)Department of Agriculture (US)Department of Energy (US)U.S. Geological SurveyMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922]Gazol Burgos, Antonio [0000-0001-5902-9543]Díaz-Delgado, Ricardo [0000-0002-0460-4616]Aragonés, David [0000-0003-4989-9005]Valeriano, Cristina [0000-0001-7687-1417]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/403145https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105012245653reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-123675OB-C43info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//TED2021–129770B-C21The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123050https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123050Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4031452026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
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15,812429 |