Upper-Tropospheric Pollutants Observed By Mipas: Geographic And Seasonal Variations

We present a global climatology of upper-tropospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon monoxide (CO), acetylene (C2H2), ethane (C2H6), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and formic acid (HCOOH) obtained from observations of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board the En...

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Autores: Glatthor, Norbert, Stiller, Gabriele P., Von Clarmann, T., Funke, Bernd, Kellmann, Sylvia, Linden, Andrea
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/385883
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/385883
Access Level:acceso abierto
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Upper-Tropospheric Pollutants Observed By Mipas: Geographic And Seasonal Variations
title Upper-Tropospheric Pollutants Observed By Mipas: Geographic And Seasonal Variations
spellingShingle Upper-Tropospheric Pollutants Observed By Mipas: Geographic And Seasonal Variations
Glatthor, Norbert
title_short Upper-Tropospheric Pollutants Observed By Mipas: Geographic And Seasonal Variations
title_full Upper-Tropospheric Pollutants Observed By Mipas: Geographic And Seasonal Variations
title_fullStr Upper-Tropospheric Pollutants Observed By Mipas: Geographic And Seasonal Variations
title_full_unstemmed Upper-Tropospheric Pollutants Observed By Mipas: Geographic And Seasonal Variations
title_sort Upper-Tropospheric Pollutants Observed By Mipas: Geographic And Seasonal Variations
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Glatthor, Norbert
Stiller, Gabriele P.
Von Clarmann, T.
Funke, Bernd
Kellmann, Sylvia
Linden, Andrea
author Glatthor, Norbert
author_facet Glatthor, Norbert
Stiller, Gabriele P.
Von Clarmann, T.
Funke, Bernd
Kellmann, Sylvia
Linden, Andrea
author_role author
author2 Stiller, Gabriele P.
Von Clarmann, T.
Funke, Bernd
Kellmann, Sylvia
Linden, Andrea
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
European Commission
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
description We present a global climatology of upper-tropospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon monoxide (CO), acetylene (C2H2), ethane (C2H6), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and formic acid (HCOOH) obtained from observations of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board the Environmental Satellite (Envisat) between 2002 and 2012. At northern midlatitudes and high latitudes, the biomass burning tracer HCN, but also CO, PAN, and HCOOH, exhibit maxima during spring and/or summer and minima during winter. On the contrary, maximum northern extratropical C2H2 and C2H6 amounts were measured during winter and spring, and minimum values were measured during summer and fall. In the tropics and subtropics, enhanced amounts of all pollutants were observed during all seasons, especially widespread and up to southern midlatitudes during austral spring. Other characteristic features are eastward transport of anthropogenic C2H6 and of biogenic HCOOH from Central and North America in boreal summer, accumulation of pollutants in the Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA), and enhanced C2H2 over southeastern Asia in boreal winter. Clear indication of biogenic release of HCOOH was also found above tropical South America and Africa. A global correlation analysis of the other pollutants with HCN corroborates common release by biomass burning as a source of the widespread southern hemispheric pollution during austral spring. Furthermore, high correlation with HCN points to biomass burning as a major source of tropical and subtropical C2H2 and PAN during most of the year. In the northern extratropics, there are generally low correlations with HCN during spring and early summer, indicating the influence of anthropogenic and biogenic sources. However, in August, there are stronger correlations above Siberia and boreal North America, which points to common release by boreal fires. This is confirmed by the respective enhancement ratios (ERs). The ERs measured above northeastern Africa fit well to the emission ratios of the dominant local fire type (savanna burning) for C2H2, while those for CO, C2H6, and HCOOH rather indicate tropical forest fires or additional anthropogenic or biogenic sources. The southern hemispheric ΔC2H6/ΔHCN ERs obtained during August to October are in good agreement with the emission ratio for savanna fires. The same applies for ΔC2H2/ΔHCN in August and for ΔHCN/ΔCO and ΔHCOOH/ΔHCN in October. © Author(s) 2025
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/385883
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/385883
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//PID2019-110889RB-I00
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1175-2025
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Copernicus Publications
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Copernicus Publications
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spelling Upper-Tropospheric Pollutants Observed By Mipas: Geographic And Seasonal VariationsGlatthor, NorbertStiller, Gabriele P.Von Clarmann, T.Funke, BerndKellmann, SylviaLinden, AndreaWe present a global climatology of upper-tropospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon monoxide (CO), acetylene (C2H2), ethane (C2H6), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and formic acid (HCOOH) obtained from observations of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board the Environmental Satellite (Envisat) between 2002 and 2012. At northern midlatitudes and high latitudes, the biomass burning tracer HCN, but also CO, PAN, and HCOOH, exhibit maxima during spring and/or summer and minima during winter. On the contrary, maximum northern extratropical C2H2 and C2H6 amounts were measured during winter and spring, and minimum values were measured during summer and fall. In the tropics and subtropics, enhanced amounts of all pollutants were observed during all seasons, especially widespread and up to southern midlatitudes during austral spring. Other characteristic features are eastward transport of anthropogenic C2H6 and of biogenic HCOOH from Central and North America in boreal summer, accumulation of pollutants in the Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA), and enhanced C2H2 over southeastern Asia in boreal winter. Clear indication of biogenic release of HCOOH was also found above tropical South America and Africa. A global correlation analysis of the other pollutants with HCN corroborates common release by biomass burning as a source of the widespread southern hemispheric pollution during austral spring. Furthermore, high correlation with HCN points to biomass burning as a major source of tropical and subtropical C2H2 and PAN during most of the year. In the northern extratropics, there are generally low correlations with HCN during spring and early summer, indicating the influence of anthropogenic and biogenic sources. However, in August, there are stronger correlations above Siberia and boreal North America, which points to common release by boreal fires. This is confirmed by the respective enhancement ratios (ERs). The ERs measured above northeastern Africa fit well to the emission ratios of the dominant local fire type (savanna burning) for C2H2, while those for CO, C2H6, and HCOOH rather indicate tropical forest fires or additional anthropogenic or biogenic sources. The southern hemispheric ΔC2H6/ΔHCN ERs obtained during August to October are in good agreement with the emission ratio for savanna fires. The same applies for ΔC2H2/ΔHCN in August and for ΔHCN/ΔCO and ΔHCOOH/ΔHCN in October. © Author(s) 2025The authors would like to thank the European Space Agency for providing access to MIPAS level-1 data. Meteorological analysis data were provided by ECMWF. We also acknowledge use of the preliminary GFED5 data based on burned area from Chen et al. (2023) and fuel consumption from van Wees et al. (2022). Furthermore, we gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (https://www.ready.noaa.gov, last access: 21 January 2025) used in this publication. We acknowledge the use of data and/or imagery from NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) (https://earthdata.nasa.gov/firms, last access: 20 January 2025), part of NASA’s Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS). The underlying data are the standard fire products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from the Terra and Aqua platforms. Furthermore, we acknowledge use of the MISR Enhanced Research and Lookup Interface (MERLIN). MISR is the acronym for the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer on the Terra satellite launched by NASA on 18 December 1999. MIPAS level-2 data analysis at IMK was supported by BMWK (grant no. 50EE1547) (SEREMISA). Bernd Funke acknowledges support by the Spanish MCINN (grant nos. ESP2017-87143-R and PID2019-110889RB-I00) and EC FEDER funds. The article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).Peer reviewedCopernicus PublicationsMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/385883reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-87143-Rinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//PID2019-110889RB-I00http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1175-2025Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3858832026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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