Evaporative cooling photovoltaic-powered ventilation for Mediterranean schools

Most schools in the Mediterranean climate of southern Spain lack mechanical ventilation and cooling systems, leading to inadequate air quality and thermal comfort during the warm season. This issue is critical, as poor air quality and overheating in classrooms negatively affect students' health...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Llanos Jiménez, Jesús, López Lovillo, Remedios María, León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis, Suárez, Rafael
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2026
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositório:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:idus________::951a262524fe0ce2a1df390589cb1fd6
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/184335
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.130575
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Mechanical ventilation
Evaporative cooling
Thermal comfort
Indoor air quality
Mediterranean school
Descrição
Resumo:Most schools in the Mediterranean climate of southern Spain lack mechanical ventilation and cooling systems, leading to inadequate air quality and thermal comfort during the warm season. This issue is critical, as poor air quality and overheating in classrooms negatively affect students' health and comfort. To address this challenge, this study evaluates an evaporative cooling system with photovoltaic-powered mechanical ventilation as a sustainable strategy to mitigate overheating in classrooms. The novelty of the research lies in the integrated assessment of a real-case, renewable-based solution that has been scarcely implemented and insufficiently studied in schools, particularly in hot-dry climates. The methodology included year-long continuous monitoring of hygrothermal conditions and indoor pollutants in classrooms, complemented by short-term controlled campaigns on climatically significant school days for testing specific ventilation and cooling protocols under controlled conditions. Student surveys were also conducted to evaluate perceived comfort and system acceptance, and to compare results with naturally ventilated classrooms under similar conditions. Results indicate that the evaporative cooling system with mechanical ventilation at 1710 m3/h maintained adequate classroom indoor air quality and thermal comfort with outdoor temperatures under 32.7 °C, with 73.2% of students voting around thermal neutrality. The estimated monthly energy consumption was 176 kWh, fully offset by a 1.35 kW capacity photovoltaic field per classroom. In the cold season (9–15 °C), adequate classroom thermal conditions were achieved with 570 m3/h, requiring limited morning heating. Overall, this integrated low-energy solution effectively and sustainably improves classroom air quality and mitigates overheating in hot-dry climates.