Associations of total legume, pulse, and soy consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: federated meta-analysis of 27 studies from diverse world regions

Background: The consumption of legumes is promoted as part of a healthy diet in many countries but associations of total and types of legume consumption with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not well established. Analyses across diverse populations are lacking despite the availability of unpublished legume...

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Autores: Pearce, M. (Matthew)|||/items/e7d1b735-5106-45d7-be98-0593adf27a59, Fanidi, A. (Anouar)|||/items/1c45041c-a5ce-41dd-91f9-0b0d2b852d97, Bishop, T.R.P. (Tom R. P.)|||/items/9fc83c6e-a084-4048-b271-2da6d561917f, Sharp, S.J. (Stephen J.)|||/items/7b8551e5-ad6b-4749-a24f-dcc91905e39b, Imamura, F. (Fumiaki)|||/items/64d3544a-a9f6-4fc4-99fe-d69ae1e9052a, Dietrich, S. (Stefan)|||/items/dbf5b4ba-8199-41f2-a7c1-cee97730841c, Akbaraly, T. (Tasnime)|||/items/c55515f8-1b72-4da6-ac70-6a043670b6f8, Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira)|||/items/d46c05fd-209a-4259-90c6-07202d4c72af, Beulens, J.W.J. (Joline W.J.)|||/items/9b2b5f97-5f12-4ecb-95ef-5fea4c5fa621, Byberg, L. (Liisa)|||/items/46ee6c87-8047-4352-bb60-d9661d8e3845, Canhada, S. (Scheine)|||/items/58bc24ae-2af1-46b9-8c0e-3e6e52dba235, Molina, M.C.B (Maria del Carmen B.)|||/items/e6bdddae-cacd-4f5c-82ea-e5ee453ff3a9, Chen, Z. (Zhengming)|||/items/6aee4708-f4c9-40a1-8cf3-bee20d8a04a7, Cortes-Valencia, A. (Adrian)|||/items/6234971d-4924-4c12-a864-dbd9fcc69d6c, Du, H. (Huaidong)|||/items/58532fd3-92f3-434b-9603-c1e8a6a9c76d, Duncan, B.B. (Bruce B.)|||/items/735650f7-ca4c-4f14-aa65-3d88fcc1743a, Härkänen, T. (Tommi)|||/items/0d3c58a0-ebe0-47d3-908c-55fb497e2f71, Hashemian, M. (Maryam)|||/items/e8baac08-6b49-438c-9f1c-99c887a64c91, Kim, J. (Jihye)|||/items/868926b3-a993-440c-9ee8-f583481458b9, Kim, M.K. (Mi Kyung)|||/items/8582b58c-fca1-46b4-8b7b-dd2b04f3555b, Kim, Y. (Yeonjung)|||/items/18af0211-a3cf-4d86-8484-a17322ef060c, Knekt, P. (Paul)|||/items/ce7eb723-720b-46b8-8e3e-9570680f30d0, Kromhout, D. (Daan)|||/items/87fe7f0e-a68c-4429-bd9d-44e912d54e88, Lassale, C. (Camille)|||/items/e84cbc2f-fd37-412d-b6b5-3d91c33489bd, Lopez-Ridaura, R. (Ruy)|||/items/72856ce6-bc34-4da7-a45a-54fc8d10c020, Magliano, D.J. (Dianna J.)|||/items/deb09dce-a375-4eab-b343-ed7c48a9d50f, Malekzadeh, R. (Reza)|||/items/6fa2dab3-70fd-41a4-bf3b-8e0e76d2a032, Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro)|||/items/334ce291-a7c6-4296-98d3-74fb48c1e626, Martínez-González, M.A. (Miguel Ángel)|||/items/8b591471-4165-4697-8534-cfa0ad5eb1b7, O'Donoghue, G. (Gráinne)|||/items/9900c7b8-148a-4e8f-8b93-27d98758181e, O'Gorman, D. (Donal)|||/items/2bbe2634-b767-457a-8060-c1ddffa1f147
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Navarra
Repositorio:Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital de la Universidad de Navarra
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dadun.unav.edu:10171/110927
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10171/110927
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Legumes
Diabetes
Pulse
Bean
Peanut
Lentil
Pea
Soy
Chickpea
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oai_identifier_str oai:dadun.unav.edu:10171/110927
network_acronym_str ES
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repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Associations of total legume, pulse, and soy consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: federated meta-analysis of 27 studies from diverse world regions
title Associations of total legume, pulse, and soy consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: federated meta-analysis of 27 studies from diverse world regions
spellingShingle Associations of total legume, pulse, and soy consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: federated meta-analysis of 27 studies from diverse world regions
Pearce, M. (Matthew)|||/items/e7d1b735-5106-45d7-be98-0593adf27a59
Legumes
Diabetes
Pulse
Bean
Peanut
Lentil
Pea
Soy
Chickpea
title_short Associations of total legume, pulse, and soy consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: federated meta-analysis of 27 studies from diverse world regions
title_full Associations of total legume, pulse, and soy consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: federated meta-analysis of 27 studies from diverse world regions
title_fullStr Associations of total legume, pulse, and soy consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: federated meta-analysis of 27 studies from diverse world regions
title_full_unstemmed Associations of total legume, pulse, and soy consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: federated meta-analysis of 27 studies from diverse world regions
title_sort Associations of total legume, pulse, and soy consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: federated meta-analysis of 27 studies from diverse world regions
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pearce, M. (Matthew)|||/items/e7d1b735-5106-45d7-be98-0593adf27a59
Fanidi, A. (Anouar)|||/items/1c45041c-a5ce-41dd-91f9-0b0d2b852d97
Bishop, T.R.P. (Tom R. P.)|||/items/9fc83c6e-a084-4048-b271-2da6d561917f
Sharp, S.J. (Stephen J.)|||/items/7b8551e5-ad6b-4749-a24f-dcc91905e39b
Imamura, F. (Fumiaki)|||/items/64d3544a-a9f6-4fc4-99fe-d69ae1e9052a
Dietrich, S. (Stefan)|||/items/dbf5b4ba-8199-41f2-a7c1-cee97730841c
Akbaraly, T. (Tasnime)|||/items/c55515f8-1b72-4da6-ac70-6a043670b6f8
Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira)|||/items/d46c05fd-209a-4259-90c6-07202d4c72af
Beulens, J.W.J. (Joline W.J.)|||/items/9b2b5f97-5f12-4ecb-95ef-5fea4c5fa621
Byberg, L. (Liisa)|||/items/46ee6c87-8047-4352-bb60-d9661d8e3845
Canhada, S. (Scheine)|||/items/58bc24ae-2af1-46b9-8c0e-3e6e52dba235
Molina, M.C.B (Maria del Carmen B.)|||/items/e6bdddae-cacd-4f5c-82ea-e5ee453ff3a9
Chen, Z. (Zhengming)|||/items/6aee4708-f4c9-40a1-8cf3-bee20d8a04a7
Cortes-Valencia, A. (Adrian)|||/items/6234971d-4924-4c12-a864-dbd9fcc69d6c
Du, H. (Huaidong)|||/items/58532fd3-92f3-434b-9603-c1e8a6a9c76d
Duncan, B.B. (Bruce B.)|||/items/735650f7-ca4c-4f14-aa65-3d88fcc1743a
Härkänen, T. (Tommi)|||/items/0d3c58a0-ebe0-47d3-908c-55fb497e2f71
Hashemian, M. (Maryam)|||/items/e8baac08-6b49-438c-9f1c-99c887a64c91
Kim, J. (Jihye)|||/items/868926b3-a993-440c-9ee8-f583481458b9
Kim, M.K. (Mi Kyung)|||/items/8582b58c-fca1-46b4-8b7b-dd2b04f3555b
Kim, Y. (Yeonjung)|||/items/18af0211-a3cf-4d86-8484-a17322ef060c
Knekt, P. (Paul)|||/items/ce7eb723-720b-46b8-8e3e-9570680f30d0
Kromhout, D. (Daan)|||/items/87fe7f0e-a68c-4429-bd9d-44e912d54e88
Lassale, C. (Camille)|||/items/e84cbc2f-fd37-412d-b6b5-3d91c33489bd
Lopez-Ridaura, R. (Ruy)|||/items/72856ce6-bc34-4da7-a45a-54fc8d10c020
Magliano, D.J. (Dianna J.)|||/items/deb09dce-a375-4eab-b343-ed7c48a9d50f
Malekzadeh, R. (Reza)|||/items/6fa2dab3-70fd-41a4-bf3b-8e0e76d2a032
Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro)|||/items/334ce291-a7c6-4296-98d3-74fb48c1e626
Martínez-González, M.A. (Miguel Ángel)|||/items/8b591471-4165-4697-8534-cfa0ad5eb1b7
O'Donoghue, G. (Gráinne)|||/items/9900c7b8-148a-4e8f-8b93-27d98758181e
O'Gorman, D. (Donal)|||/items/2bbe2634-b767-457a-8060-c1ddffa1f147
author Pearce, M. (Matthew)|||/items/e7d1b735-5106-45d7-be98-0593adf27a59
author_facet Pearce, M. (Matthew)|||/items/e7d1b735-5106-45d7-be98-0593adf27a59
Fanidi, A. (Anouar)|||/items/1c45041c-a5ce-41dd-91f9-0b0d2b852d97
Bishop, T.R.P. (Tom R. P.)|||/items/9fc83c6e-a084-4048-b271-2da6d561917f
Sharp, S.J. (Stephen J.)|||/items/7b8551e5-ad6b-4749-a24f-dcc91905e39b
Imamura, F. (Fumiaki)|||/items/64d3544a-a9f6-4fc4-99fe-d69ae1e9052a
Dietrich, S. (Stefan)|||/items/dbf5b4ba-8199-41f2-a7c1-cee97730841c
Akbaraly, T. (Tasnime)|||/items/c55515f8-1b72-4da6-ac70-6a043670b6f8
Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira)|||/items/d46c05fd-209a-4259-90c6-07202d4c72af
Beulens, J.W.J. (Joline W.J.)|||/items/9b2b5f97-5f12-4ecb-95ef-5fea4c5fa621
Byberg, L. (Liisa)|||/items/46ee6c87-8047-4352-bb60-d9661d8e3845
Canhada, S. (Scheine)|||/items/58bc24ae-2af1-46b9-8c0e-3e6e52dba235
Molina, M.C.B (Maria del Carmen B.)|||/items/e6bdddae-cacd-4f5c-82ea-e5ee453ff3a9
Chen, Z. (Zhengming)|||/items/6aee4708-f4c9-40a1-8cf3-bee20d8a04a7
Cortes-Valencia, A. (Adrian)|||/items/6234971d-4924-4c12-a864-dbd9fcc69d6c
Du, H. (Huaidong)|||/items/58532fd3-92f3-434b-9603-c1e8a6a9c76d
Duncan, B.B. (Bruce B.)|||/items/735650f7-ca4c-4f14-aa65-3d88fcc1743a
Härkänen, T. (Tommi)|||/items/0d3c58a0-ebe0-47d3-908c-55fb497e2f71
Hashemian, M. (Maryam)|||/items/e8baac08-6b49-438c-9f1c-99c887a64c91
Kim, J. (Jihye)|||/items/868926b3-a993-440c-9ee8-f583481458b9
Kim, M.K. (Mi Kyung)|||/items/8582b58c-fca1-46b4-8b7b-dd2b04f3555b
Kim, Y. (Yeonjung)|||/items/18af0211-a3cf-4d86-8484-a17322ef060c
Knekt, P. (Paul)|||/items/ce7eb723-720b-46b8-8e3e-9570680f30d0
Kromhout, D. (Daan)|||/items/87fe7f0e-a68c-4429-bd9d-44e912d54e88
Lassale, C. (Camille)|||/items/e84cbc2f-fd37-412d-b6b5-3d91c33489bd
Lopez-Ridaura, R. (Ruy)|||/items/72856ce6-bc34-4da7-a45a-54fc8d10c020
Magliano, D.J. (Dianna J.)|||/items/deb09dce-a375-4eab-b343-ed7c48a9d50f
Malekzadeh, R. (Reza)|||/items/6fa2dab3-70fd-41a4-bf3b-8e0e76d2a032
Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro)|||/items/334ce291-a7c6-4296-98d3-74fb48c1e626
Martínez-González, M.A. (Miguel Ángel)|||/items/8b591471-4165-4697-8534-cfa0ad5eb1b7
O'Donoghue, G. (Gráinne)|||/items/9900c7b8-148a-4e8f-8b93-27d98758181e
O'Gorman, D. (Donal)|||/items/2bbe2634-b767-457a-8060-c1ddffa1f147
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author2 Fanidi, A. (Anouar)|||/items/1c45041c-a5ce-41dd-91f9-0b0d2b852d97
Bishop, T.R.P. (Tom R. P.)|||/items/9fc83c6e-a084-4048-b271-2da6d561917f
Sharp, S.J. (Stephen J.)|||/items/7b8551e5-ad6b-4749-a24f-dcc91905e39b
Imamura, F. (Fumiaki)|||/items/64d3544a-a9f6-4fc4-99fe-d69ae1e9052a
Dietrich, S. (Stefan)|||/items/dbf5b4ba-8199-41f2-a7c1-cee97730841c
Akbaraly, T. (Tasnime)|||/items/c55515f8-1b72-4da6-ac70-6a043670b6f8
Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira)|||/items/d46c05fd-209a-4259-90c6-07202d4c72af
Beulens, J.W.J. (Joline W.J.)|||/items/9b2b5f97-5f12-4ecb-95ef-5fea4c5fa621
Byberg, L. (Liisa)|||/items/46ee6c87-8047-4352-bb60-d9661d8e3845
Canhada, S. (Scheine)|||/items/58bc24ae-2af1-46b9-8c0e-3e6e52dba235
Molina, M.C.B (Maria del Carmen B.)|||/items/e6bdddae-cacd-4f5c-82ea-e5ee453ff3a9
Chen, Z. (Zhengming)|||/items/6aee4708-f4c9-40a1-8cf3-bee20d8a04a7
Cortes-Valencia, A. (Adrian)|||/items/6234971d-4924-4c12-a864-dbd9fcc69d6c
Du, H. (Huaidong)|||/items/58532fd3-92f3-434b-9603-c1e8a6a9c76d
Duncan, B.B. (Bruce B.)|||/items/735650f7-ca4c-4f14-aa65-3d88fcc1743a
Härkänen, T. (Tommi)|||/items/0d3c58a0-ebe0-47d3-908c-55fb497e2f71
Hashemian, M. (Maryam)|||/items/e8baac08-6b49-438c-9f1c-99c887a64c91
Kim, J. (Jihye)|||/items/868926b3-a993-440c-9ee8-f583481458b9
Kim, M.K. (Mi Kyung)|||/items/8582b58c-fca1-46b4-8b7b-dd2b04f3555b
Kim, Y. (Yeonjung)|||/items/18af0211-a3cf-4d86-8484-a17322ef060c
Knekt, P. (Paul)|||/items/ce7eb723-720b-46b8-8e3e-9570680f30d0
Kromhout, D. (Daan)|||/items/87fe7f0e-a68c-4429-bd9d-44e912d54e88
Lassale, C. (Camille)|||/items/e84cbc2f-fd37-412d-b6b5-3d91c33489bd
Lopez-Ridaura, R. (Ruy)|||/items/72856ce6-bc34-4da7-a45a-54fc8d10c020
Magliano, D.J. (Dianna J.)|||/items/deb09dce-a375-4eab-b343-ed7c48a9d50f
Malekzadeh, R. (Reza)|||/items/6fa2dab3-70fd-41a4-bf3b-8e0e76d2a032
Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro)|||/items/334ce291-a7c6-4296-98d3-74fb48c1e626
Martínez-González, M.A. (Miguel Ángel)|||/items/8b591471-4165-4697-8534-cfa0ad5eb1b7
O'Donoghue, G. (Gráinne)|||/items/9900c7b8-148a-4e8f-8b93-27d98758181e
O'Gorman, D. (Donal)|||/items/2bbe2634-b767-457a-8060-c1ddffa1f147
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dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital Universidad de Navarra
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Legumes
Diabetes
Pulse
Bean
Peanut
Lentil
Pea
Soy
Chickpea
topic Legumes
Diabetes
Pulse
Bean
Peanut
Lentil
Pea
Soy
Chickpea
description Background: The consumption of legumes is promoted as part of a healthy diet in many countries but associations of total and types of legume consumption with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not well established. Analyses across diverse populations are lacking despite the availability of unpublished legume consumption data in prospective cohort studies. Objective: To examine the prospective associations of total and types of legume intake with the risk of incident T2D. Methods: Meta-analyses of associations between total legume, pulse, and soy consumption and T2D were conducted using a federated approach without physical data-pooling. Prospective cohorts were included if legume exposure and T2D outcome data were available and the cohort investigators agreed to participate. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and CIs of associations using individual participant data including ≤42,473 incident cases among 807,785 adults without diabetes in 27 cohorts across the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, and Western Pacific. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to combine effect estimates and estimate heterogeneity. Results: Median total legume intake ranged from 0-140 g/d across cohorts. We observed a weak positive association between total legume consumption and T2D (IRR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04) per 20 g/d higher intake, with moderately high heterogeneity (I2 = 74%). Analysis by region showed no evidence of associations in the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, and Western Pacific. The positive association in Europe (IRR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.10, I2 = 82%) was mainly driven by studies from Germany, UK, and Sweden. No evidence of associations was observed for the consumption of pulses or soy. Conclusions: These findings suggest no evidence of an association of legume intakes with T2D in several world regions. The positive association observed in some European studies warrants further investigation relating to overall dietary contexts in which legumes are consumed, including accompanying foods which may be positively associated with T2D.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021-01-01
2021
2021-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10171/110927
url https://hdl.handle.net/10171/110927
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital de la Universidad de Navarra
instname:Universidad de Navarra
instname_str Universidad de Navarra
reponame_str Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital de la Universidad de Navarra
collection Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital de la Universidad de Navarra
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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spelling Associations of total legume, pulse, and soy consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: federated meta-analysis of 27 studies from diverse world regionsPearce, M. (Matthew)|||/items/e7d1b735-5106-45d7-be98-0593adf27a59Fanidi, A. (Anouar)|||/items/1c45041c-a5ce-41dd-91f9-0b0d2b852d97Bishop, T.R.P. (Tom R. P.)|||/items/9fc83c6e-a084-4048-b271-2da6d561917fSharp, S.J. (Stephen J.)|||/items/7b8551e5-ad6b-4749-a24f-dcc91905e39bImamura, F. (Fumiaki)|||/items/64d3544a-a9f6-4fc4-99fe-d69ae1e9052aDietrich, S. (Stefan)|||/items/dbf5b4ba-8199-41f2-a7c1-cee97730841cAkbaraly, T. (Tasnime)|||/items/c55515f8-1b72-4da6-ac70-6a043670b6f8Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira)|||/items/d46c05fd-209a-4259-90c6-07202d4c72afBeulens, J.W.J. (Joline W.J.)|||/items/9b2b5f97-5f12-4ecb-95ef-5fea4c5fa621Byberg, L. (Liisa)|||/items/46ee6c87-8047-4352-bb60-d9661d8e3845Canhada, S. (Scheine)|||/items/58bc24ae-2af1-46b9-8c0e-3e6e52dba235Molina, M.C.B (Maria del Carmen B.)|||/items/e6bdddae-cacd-4f5c-82ea-e5ee453ff3a9Chen, Z. (Zhengming)|||/items/6aee4708-f4c9-40a1-8cf3-bee20d8a04a7Cortes-Valencia, A. (Adrian)|||/items/6234971d-4924-4c12-a864-dbd9fcc69d6cDu, H. (Huaidong)|||/items/58532fd3-92f3-434b-9603-c1e8a6a9c76dDuncan, B.B. (Bruce B.)|||/items/735650f7-ca4c-4f14-aa65-3d88fcc1743aHärkänen, T. (Tommi)|||/items/0d3c58a0-ebe0-47d3-908c-55fb497e2f71Hashemian, M. (Maryam)|||/items/e8baac08-6b49-438c-9f1c-99c887a64c91Kim, J. (Jihye)|||/items/868926b3-a993-440c-9ee8-f583481458b9Kim, M.K. (Mi Kyung)|||/items/8582b58c-fca1-46b4-8b7b-dd2b04f3555bKim, Y. (Yeonjung)|||/items/18af0211-a3cf-4d86-8484-a17322ef060cKnekt, P. (Paul)|||/items/ce7eb723-720b-46b8-8e3e-9570680f30d0Kromhout, D. (Daan)|||/items/87fe7f0e-a68c-4429-bd9d-44e912d54e88Lassale, C. (Camille)|||/items/e84cbc2f-fd37-412d-b6b5-3d91c33489bdLopez-Ridaura, R. (Ruy)|||/items/72856ce6-bc34-4da7-a45a-54fc8d10c020Magliano, D.J. (Dianna J.)|||/items/deb09dce-a375-4eab-b343-ed7c48a9d50fMalekzadeh, R. (Reza)|||/items/6fa2dab3-70fd-41a4-bf3b-8e0e76d2a032Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro)|||/items/334ce291-a7c6-4296-98d3-74fb48c1e626Martínez-González, M.A. (Miguel Ángel)|||/items/8b591471-4165-4697-8534-cfa0ad5eb1b7O'Donoghue, G. (Gráinne)|||/items/9900c7b8-148a-4e8f-8b93-27d98758181eO'Gorman, D. (Donal)|||/items/2bbe2634-b767-457a-8060-c1ddffa1f147LegumesDiabetesPulseBeanPeanutLentilPeaSoyChickpeaBackground: The consumption of legumes is promoted as part of a healthy diet in many countries but associations of total and types of legume consumption with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not well established. Analyses across diverse populations are lacking despite the availability of unpublished legume consumption data in prospective cohort studies. Objective: To examine the prospective associations of total and types of legume intake with the risk of incident T2D. Methods: Meta-analyses of associations between total legume, pulse, and soy consumption and T2D were conducted using a federated approach without physical data-pooling. Prospective cohorts were included if legume exposure and T2D outcome data were available and the cohort investigators agreed to participate. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and CIs of associations using individual participant data including ≤42,473 incident cases among 807,785 adults without diabetes in 27 cohorts across the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, and Western Pacific. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to combine effect estimates and estimate heterogeneity. Results: Median total legume intake ranged from 0-140 g/d across cohorts. We observed a weak positive association between total legume consumption and T2D (IRR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04) per 20 g/d higher intake, with moderately high heterogeneity (I2 = 74%). Analysis by region showed no evidence of associations in the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, and Western Pacific. The positive association in Europe (IRR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.10, I2 = 82%) was mainly driven by studies from Germany, UK, and Sweden. No evidence of associations was observed for the consumption of pulses or soy. Conclusions: These findings suggest no evidence of an association of legume intakes with T2D in several world regions. The positive association observed in some European studies warrants further investigation relating to overall dietary contexts in which legumes are consumed, including accompanying foods which may be positively associated with T2D.Oxford University PressDadun. Depósito Académico Digital Universidad de Navarra20212021-01-0120212021-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/110927reponame:Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital de la Universidad de Navarrainstname:Universidad de NavarraInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dadun.unav.edu:10171/1109272026-06-21T12:47:57Z
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