Are women’s empowerment and income inequality associated with excess weight in Latin American cities?

While income gradients and gender inequalities in excess weight have been noted elsewhere, data from Latin American cities is lacking. We analyzed gender-specific associations between city-level women’s empowerment and income inequality with individual-level overweight/obesity, assessing how these a...

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Autores: Tumas, Natalia, Rodríguez López, Santiago, Mazariegos, Mónica, Ortigoza, Ana, Anza Ramírez, Cecilia, Pérez Ferrer, Carolina, Moore, Kari A., Yamada, Goro, Carvalho Menezes, Mariana, Sarmiento, Olga L., Pericàs, Juan, Belvis Costes, Francesc X., Lazo, Mariana, Benach, Joan
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10230/56906
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/56906
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00689-5
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Women’s empowerment
Income inequality
Overweight
Obesity
Cities
Latin America
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Are women’s empowerment and income inequality associated with excess weight in Latin American cities?
title Are women’s empowerment and income inequality associated with excess weight in Latin American cities?
spellingShingle Are women’s empowerment and income inequality associated with excess weight in Latin American cities?
Tumas, Natalia
Women’s empowerment
Income inequality
Overweight
Obesity
Cities
Latin America
title_short Are women’s empowerment and income inequality associated with excess weight in Latin American cities?
title_full Are women’s empowerment and income inequality associated with excess weight in Latin American cities?
title_fullStr Are women’s empowerment and income inequality associated with excess weight in Latin American cities?
title_full_unstemmed Are women’s empowerment and income inequality associated with excess weight in Latin American cities?
title_sort Are women’s empowerment and income inequality associated with excess weight in Latin American cities?
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Tumas, Natalia
Rodríguez López, Santiago
Mazariegos, Mónica
Ortigoza, Ana
Anza Ramírez, Cecilia
Pérez Ferrer, Carolina
Moore, Kari A.
Yamada, Goro
Carvalho Menezes, Mariana
Sarmiento, Olga L.
Pericàs, Juan
Belvis Costes, Francesc X.
Lazo, Mariana
Benach, Joan
author Tumas, Natalia
author_facet Tumas, Natalia
Rodríguez López, Santiago
Mazariegos, Mónica
Ortigoza, Ana
Anza Ramírez, Cecilia
Pérez Ferrer, Carolina
Moore, Kari A.
Yamada, Goro
Carvalho Menezes, Mariana
Sarmiento, Olga L.
Pericàs, Juan
Belvis Costes, Francesc X.
Lazo, Mariana
Benach, Joan
author_role author
author2 Rodríguez López, Santiago
Mazariegos, Mónica
Ortigoza, Ana
Anza Ramírez, Cecilia
Pérez Ferrer, Carolina
Moore, Kari A.
Yamada, Goro
Carvalho Menezes, Mariana
Sarmiento, Olga L.
Pericàs, Juan
Belvis Costes, Francesc X.
Lazo, Mariana
Benach, Joan
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Women’s empowerment
Income inequality
Overweight
Obesity
Cities
Latin America
topic Women’s empowerment
Income inequality
Overweight
Obesity
Cities
Latin America
description While income gradients and gender inequalities in excess weight have been noted elsewhere, data from Latin American cities is lacking. We analyzed gender-specific associations between city-level women’s empowerment and income inequality with individual-level overweight/obesity, assessing how these associations vary by individual education or living conditions within cities in Latin America. Data came from national surveys and censuses, and was compiled by the SALURBAL project (Urban Health in Latin America). The sample included 79,422 individuals (58.0% women), living in 538 sub-cities, 187 cities, and 8 countries. We used gender-stratified Poisson multilevel models to estimate the Prevalence Rate Ratios (PRR) for overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) per a unit change in city-level women’s empowerment (proxied by a score that measures gender inequalities in employment and education) and income inequality (proxied by income-based Gini coefficient). We also tested whether individual education or sub-city living conditions modified such associations. Higher city labor women’s empowerment (in women) and higher city Gini coefficient (in men) were associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity (PRR = 0.97 (95%CI 0.94, 0.99) and PRR = 0.94 (95%CI 0.90, 0.97), respectively). The associations varied by individual education and sub-city living conditions. For labor women’s empowerment, we observed weakened associations towards the null effect in women with lower education and in residents of sub-cities with worse living conditions (men and women). For the Gini coefficient, the association was stronger among men with primary education, and a negative association was observed in women with primary education. Our findings highlight the need for promoting equity-based policies and interventions to tackle the high prevalence of excess weight in Latin American cities.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2023
2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10230/56906
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00689-5
url http://hdl.handle.net/10230/56906
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00689-5
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Urban Health. 2022;99(6):1091-103.
https://drexel.edu/lac/data-evidence
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/89102
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
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spelling Are women’s empowerment and income inequality associated with excess weight in Latin American cities?Tumas, NataliaRodríguez López, SantiagoMazariegos, MónicaOrtigoza, AnaAnza Ramírez, CeciliaPérez Ferrer, CarolinaMoore, Kari A.Yamada, GoroCarvalho Menezes, MarianaSarmiento, Olga L.Pericàs, JuanBelvis Costes, Francesc X.Lazo, MarianaBenach, JoanWomen’s empowermentIncome inequalityOverweightObesityCitiesLatin AmericaWhile income gradients and gender inequalities in excess weight have been noted elsewhere, data from Latin American cities is lacking. We analyzed gender-specific associations between city-level women’s empowerment and income inequality with individual-level overweight/obesity, assessing how these associations vary by individual education or living conditions within cities in Latin America. Data came from national surveys and censuses, and was compiled by the SALURBAL project (Urban Health in Latin America). The sample included 79,422 individuals (58.0% women), living in 538 sub-cities, 187 cities, and 8 countries. We used gender-stratified Poisson multilevel models to estimate the Prevalence Rate Ratios (PRR) for overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) per a unit change in city-level women’s empowerment (proxied by a score that measures gender inequalities in employment and education) and income inequality (proxied by income-based Gini coefficient). We also tested whether individual education or sub-city living conditions modified such associations. Higher city labor women’s empowerment (in women) and higher city Gini coefficient (in men) were associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity (PRR = 0.97 (95%CI 0.94, 0.99) and PRR = 0.94 (95%CI 0.90, 0.97), respectively). The associations varied by individual education and sub-city living conditions. For labor women’s empowerment, we observed weakened associations towards the null effect in women with lower education and in residents of sub-cities with worse living conditions (men and women). For the Gini coefficient, the association was stronger among men with primary education, and a negative association was observed in women with primary education. Our findings highlight the need for promoting equity-based policies and interventions to tackle the high prevalence of excess weight in Latin American cities.This work received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement Nº 89102 (Dr. Tumas was supported by this grant). Joan Benach gratefully acknowledges the financial support by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme.Springer202320232022info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/56906http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00689-5reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésJournal of Urban Health. 2022;99(6):1091-103.https://drexel.edu/lac/data-evidenceinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/89102© The Author(s) 2022. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:10230/569062026-05-29T05:05:01Z
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