Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia

Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshap...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Librado, Pablo, Tressières, Gaetan, Chauvey, Lorelei, Fages, Antoine, Khan, Naveed, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Calvière-Tonasso, Laure, Kusliy, Mariya A., Gaunitz, Charleen, Liu, Xuexue, Wagner, Stefanie, Sarkissian, Clio Der, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Perdereau, Aude, Aury, Jean-Marc, Southon, John, Shapiro, Beth, Bouchez, Olivier, Donnadieu, Cécile, Horse Collin, Yvette Running, Gregersen, Kristian M., Dengsø Jessen, Mads, Christensen, Kirsten, Claudi-Hansen, Lone, Pruvost, Mélanie, Pucher, Erich, Vulic, Hrvoje, Novak, Mario, Rimpf, Andrea, Turk, Peter, Reiter, Simone, Brem, Gottfried, Schwall, Christoph, Barrey, Éric, Robert, Céline, Degueurce, Christophe, Kolska Horwitz, Liora, Klassen, Lutz, Rasmussen, Uffe, Kveiborg, Jacob, Nørkjær Johannsen, Niels, Makowiecki, Daniel, Makarowicz, Przemysław, Szeliga, Marcin, Ilchyshyn, Vasyl, Rud, Vitalii, Romaniszyn, Jan, Mullin, Victoria E., Verdugo, Marta, Bradley, Daniel G., Cardoso, João L., Valente, Maria J., Telles Antunes, Miguel, Ameen, Carly, Thomas, Richard, Ludwig, Arne, Marzullo, Matilde, Prato, Ornella, Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna, Tecchiati, Umberto, Granado, José, Schlumbaum, Angela, Deschler-Erb, Sabine, Schernig Mráz, Monika, Boulbes, Nicolas, Gardeisen, Armelle, Mayer, Christian, Döhle, Hans-Jürgen, Vicze, Magdolna, Kosintsev, Pavel A., Kyselý, René, Peške, Lubomír, O’Connor, Terry, Ananyevskaya, Elina, Shevnina, Irina, Logvin, Andrey, Kovalev, Alexey A., Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir, Sablin, Mikhail V., Dashkovskiy, Petr K., Graphodatsky, Alexander S., Merts, Ilia, Merts, Viktor, Kasparov, Aleksei K., Pitulko, Vladimir V., Onar, Vedat, Öztan, Aliye, Arbuckle, Benjamin S., McColl, Hugh, Renaud, Gabriel, Khaskhanov, Ruslan, Demidenko, Sergey, Kadieva, Anna, Atabiev, Biyaslan, Sundqvist, Marie, Lindgren, Gabriella, López-Cachero, F. Javier, Albizuri, Silvia, Trbojević Vukičević, Tajana, Rapan Papeša, Anita, Burić, Marcel, Rajić Šikanjić, Petra, Weinstock, Jaco, Asensio, David, Codina, Ferran, García Dalmau, Cristina, Morer de Llorens, Jordi, Pou Vallès, Josep, Prado, Gabriel de, Sanmartí, Joan (Sanmartí i Grego), Kallala, Nabil, Ramon, Joan, 1956-, Maraoui-Telmini, Bouthéina, Belarte Franco, Maria Carme, Valenzuela Lamas, Silvia, Zazzo, Antoine, Lepetz, Sébastien, Duchesne, Sylvie, Alexeev, Anatoly, Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav, Houle, Jean-Luc, Bayarkhuu, Noost, Turbat, Tsagaan, Crubézy, Éric, Shingiray, Irina, Mashkour, Marjan, Berezina, Natalia Ya., Korobov, Dmitriy S., Belinskiy, Andrey, Kalmykov, Alexey, Demoule, Jean-Paul, Reinhold, Sabine, Hansen, Svend, Wallner, Barbara, Roslyakova, Natalia, Kuznetsov, Pavel F., Tishkin, Alexey A., Wincker, Patrick, Kanne, Katherine, Outram, Alan, Orlando, Ludovic
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:2072/537925
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/2072/537925
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Cavalls -- Cria i desenvolupament
Restes d'animals (Arqueologia) -- Euràsia
90 - Arqueologia. Prehistòria
id ES_025c39f2ba979edbb4b5073cd2b20e36
oai_identifier_str oai:recercat.cat:2072/537925
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia
title Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia
spellingShingle Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia
Librado, Pablo
Cavalls -- Cria i desenvolupament
Restes d'animals (Arqueologia) -- Euràsia
90 - Arqueologia. Prehistòria
title_short Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia
title_full Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia
title_fullStr Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia
title_full_unstemmed Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia
title_sort Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Librado, Pablo
Tressières, Gaetan
Chauvey, Lorelei
Fages, Antoine
Khan, Naveed
Schiavinato, Stéphanie
Calvière-Tonasso, Laure
Kusliy, Mariya A.
Gaunitz, Charleen
Liu, Xuexue
Wagner, Stefanie
Sarkissian, Clio Der
Seguin-Orlando, Andaine
Perdereau, Aude
Aury, Jean-Marc
Southon, John
Shapiro, Beth
Bouchez, Olivier
Donnadieu, Cécile
Horse Collin, Yvette Running
Gregersen, Kristian M.
Dengsø Jessen, Mads
Christensen, Kirsten
Claudi-Hansen, Lone
Pruvost, Mélanie
Pucher, Erich
Vulic, Hrvoje
Novak, Mario
Rimpf, Andrea
Turk, Peter
Reiter, Simone
Brem, Gottfried
Schwall, Christoph
Barrey, Éric
Robert, Céline
Degueurce, Christophe
Kolska Horwitz, Liora
Klassen, Lutz
Rasmussen, Uffe
Kveiborg, Jacob
Nørkjær Johannsen, Niels
Makowiecki, Daniel
Makarowicz, Przemysław
Szeliga, Marcin
Ilchyshyn, Vasyl
Rud, Vitalii
Romaniszyn, Jan
Mullin, Victoria E.
Verdugo, Marta
Bradley, Daniel G.
Cardoso, João L.
Valente, Maria J.
Telles Antunes, Miguel
Ameen, Carly
Thomas, Richard
Ludwig, Arne
Marzullo, Matilde
Prato, Ornella
Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna
Tecchiati, Umberto
Granado, José
Schlumbaum, Angela
Deschler-Erb, Sabine
Schernig Mráz, Monika
Boulbes, Nicolas
Gardeisen, Armelle
Mayer, Christian
Döhle, Hans-Jürgen
Vicze, Magdolna
Kosintsev, Pavel A.
Kyselý, René
Peške, Lubomír
O’Connor, Terry
Ananyevskaya, Elina
Shevnina, Irina
Logvin, Andrey
Kovalev, Alexey A.
Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir
Sablin, Mikhail V.
Dashkovskiy, Petr K.
Graphodatsky, Alexander S.
Merts, Ilia
Merts, Viktor
Kasparov, Aleksei K.
Pitulko, Vladimir V.
Onar, Vedat
Öztan, Aliye
Arbuckle, Benjamin S.
McColl, Hugh
Renaud, Gabriel
Khaskhanov, Ruslan
Demidenko, Sergey
Kadieva, Anna
Atabiev, Biyaslan
Sundqvist, Marie
Lindgren, Gabriella
López-Cachero, F. Javier
Albizuri, Silvia
Trbojević Vukičević, Tajana
Rapan Papeša, Anita
Burić, Marcel
Rajić Šikanjić, Petra
Weinstock, Jaco
Asensio, David
Codina, Ferran
García Dalmau, Cristina
Morer de Llorens, Jordi
Pou Vallès, Josep
Prado, Gabriel de
Sanmartí, Joan (Sanmartí i Grego)
Kallala, Nabil
Ramon, Joan, 1956-
Maraoui-Telmini, Bouthéina
Belarte Franco, Maria Carme
Valenzuela Lamas, Silvia
Zazzo, Antoine
Lepetz, Sébastien
Duchesne, Sylvie
Alexeev, Anatoly
Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav
Houle, Jean-Luc
Bayarkhuu, Noost
Turbat, Tsagaan
Crubézy, Éric
Shingiray, Irina
Mashkour, Marjan
Berezina, Natalia Ya.
Korobov, Dmitriy S.
Belinskiy, Andrey
Kalmykov, Alexey
Demoule, Jean-Paul
Reinhold, Sabine
Hansen, Svend
Wallner, Barbara
Roslyakova, Natalia
Kuznetsov, Pavel F.
Tishkin, Alexey A.
Wincker, Patrick
Kanne, Katherine
Outram, Alan
Orlando, Ludovic
author Librado, Pablo
author_facet Librado, Pablo
Tressières, Gaetan
Chauvey, Lorelei
Fages, Antoine
Khan, Naveed
Schiavinato, Stéphanie
Calvière-Tonasso, Laure
Kusliy, Mariya A.
Gaunitz, Charleen
Liu, Xuexue
Wagner, Stefanie
Sarkissian, Clio Der
Seguin-Orlando, Andaine
Perdereau, Aude
Aury, Jean-Marc
Southon, John
Shapiro, Beth
Bouchez, Olivier
Donnadieu, Cécile
Horse Collin, Yvette Running
Gregersen, Kristian M.
Dengsø Jessen, Mads
Christensen, Kirsten
Claudi-Hansen, Lone
Pruvost, Mélanie
Pucher, Erich
Vulic, Hrvoje
Novak, Mario
Rimpf, Andrea
Turk, Peter
Reiter, Simone
Brem, Gottfried
Schwall, Christoph
Barrey, Éric
Robert, Céline
Degueurce, Christophe
Kolska Horwitz, Liora
Klassen, Lutz
Rasmussen, Uffe
Kveiborg, Jacob
Nørkjær Johannsen, Niels
Makowiecki, Daniel
Makarowicz, Przemysław
Szeliga, Marcin
Ilchyshyn, Vasyl
Rud, Vitalii
Romaniszyn, Jan
Mullin, Victoria E.
Verdugo, Marta
Bradley, Daniel G.
Cardoso, João L.
Valente, Maria J.
Telles Antunes, Miguel
Ameen, Carly
Thomas, Richard
Ludwig, Arne
Marzullo, Matilde
Prato, Ornella
Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna
Tecchiati, Umberto
Granado, José
Schlumbaum, Angela
Deschler-Erb, Sabine
Schernig Mráz, Monika
Boulbes, Nicolas
Gardeisen, Armelle
Mayer, Christian
Döhle, Hans-Jürgen
Vicze, Magdolna
Kosintsev, Pavel A.
Kyselý, René
Peške, Lubomír
O’Connor, Terry
Ananyevskaya, Elina
Shevnina, Irina
Logvin, Andrey
Kovalev, Alexey A.
Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir
Sablin, Mikhail V.
Dashkovskiy, Petr K.
Graphodatsky, Alexander S.
Merts, Ilia
Merts, Viktor
Kasparov, Aleksei K.
Pitulko, Vladimir V.
Onar, Vedat
Öztan, Aliye
Arbuckle, Benjamin S.
McColl, Hugh
Renaud, Gabriel
Khaskhanov, Ruslan
Demidenko, Sergey
Kadieva, Anna
Atabiev, Biyaslan
Sundqvist, Marie
Lindgren, Gabriella
López-Cachero, F. Javier
Albizuri, Silvia
Trbojević Vukičević, Tajana
Rapan Papeša, Anita
Burić, Marcel
Rajić Šikanjić, Petra
Weinstock, Jaco
Asensio, David
Codina, Ferran
García Dalmau, Cristina
Morer de Llorens, Jordi
Pou Vallès, Josep
Prado, Gabriel de
Sanmartí, Joan (Sanmartí i Grego)
Kallala, Nabil
Ramon, Joan, 1956-
Maraoui-Telmini, Bouthéina
Belarte Franco, Maria Carme
Valenzuela Lamas, Silvia
Zazzo, Antoine
Lepetz, Sébastien
Duchesne, Sylvie
Alexeev, Anatoly
Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav
Houle, Jean-Luc
Bayarkhuu, Noost
Turbat, Tsagaan
Crubézy, Éric
Shingiray, Irina
Mashkour, Marjan
Berezina, Natalia Ya.
Korobov, Dmitriy S.
Belinskiy, Andrey
Kalmykov, Alexey
Demoule, Jean-Paul
Reinhold, Sabine
Hansen, Svend
Wallner, Barbara
Roslyakova, Natalia
Kuznetsov, Pavel F.
Tishkin, Alexey A.
Wincker, Patrick
Kanne, Katherine
Outram, Alan
Orlando, Ludovic
author_role author
author2 Tressières, Gaetan
Chauvey, Lorelei
Fages, Antoine
Khan, Naveed
Schiavinato, Stéphanie
Calvière-Tonasso, Laure
Kusliy, Mariya A.
Gaunitz, Charleen
Liu, Xuexue
Wagner, Stefanie
Sarkissian, Clio Der
Seguin-Orlando, Andaine
Perdereau, Aude
Aury, Jean-Marc
Southon, John
Shapiro, Beth
Bouchez, Olivier
Donnadieu, Cécile
Horse Collin, Yvette Running
Gregersen, Kristian M.
Dengsø Jessen, Mads
Christensen, Kirsten
Claudi-Hansen, Lone
Pruvost, Mélanie
Pucher, Erich
Vulic, Hrvoje
Novak, Mario
Rimpf, Andrea
Turk, Peter
Reiter, Simone
Brem, Gottfried
Schwall, Christoph
Barrey, Éric
Robert, Céline
Degueurce, Christophe
Kolska Horwitz, Liora
Klassen, Lutz
Rasmussen, Uffe
Kveiborg, Jacob
Nørkjær Johannsen, Niels
Makowiecki, Daniel
Makarowicz, Przemysław
Szeliga, Marcin
Ilchyshyn, Vasyl
Rud, Vitalii
Romaniszyn, Jan
Mullin, Victoria E.
Verdugo, Marta
Bradley, Daniel G.
Cardoso, João L.
Valente, Maria J.
Telles Antunes, Miguel
Ameen, Carly
Thomas, Richard
Ludwig, Arne
Marzullo, Matilde
Prato, Ornella
Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna
Tecchiati, Umberto
Granado, José
Schlumbaum, Angela
Deschler-Erb, Sabine
Schernig Mráz, Monika
Boulbes, Nicolas
Gardeisen, Armelle
Mayer, Christian
Döhle, Hans-Jürgen
Vicze, Magdolna
Kosintsev, Pavel A.
Kyselý, René
Peške, Lubomír
O’Connor, Terry
Ananyevskaya, Elina
Shevnina, Irina
Logvin, Andrey
Kovalev, Alexey A.
Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir
Sablin, Mikhail V.
Dashkovskiy, Petr K.
Graphodatsky, Alexander S.
Merts, Ilia
Merts, Viktor
Kasparov, Aleksei K.
Pitulko, Vladimir V.
Onar, Vedat
Öztan, Aliye
Arbuckle, Benjamin S.
McColl, Hugh
Renaud, Gabriel
Khaskhanov, Ruslan
Demidenko, Sergey
Kadieva, Anna
Atabiev, Biyaslan
Sundqvist, Marie
Lindgren, Gabriella
López-Cachero, F. Javier
Albizuri, Silvia
Trbojević Vukičević, Tajana
Rapan Papeša, Anita
Burić, Marcel
Rajić Šikanjić, Petra
Weinstock, Jaco
Asensio, David
Codina, Ferran
García Dalmau, Cristina
Morer de Llorens, Jordi
Pou Vallès, Josep
Prado, Gabriel de
Sanmartí, Joan (Sanmartí i Grego)
Kallala, Nabil
Ramon, Joan, 1956-
Maraoui-Telmini, Bouthéina
Belarte Franco, Maria Carme
Valenzuela Lamas, Silvia
Zazzo, Antoine
Lepetz, Sébastien
Duchesne, Sylvie
Alexeev, Anatoly
Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav
Houle, Jean-Luc
Bayarkhuu, Noost
Turbat, Tsagaan
Crubézy, Éric
Shingiray, Irina
Mashkour, Marjan
Berezina, Natalia Ya.
Korobov, Dmitriy S.
Belinskiy, Andrey
Kalmykov, Alexey
Demoule, Jean-Paul
Reinhold, Sabine
Hansen, Svend
Wallner, Barbara
Roslyakova, Natalia
Kuznetsov, Pavel F.
Tishkin, Alexey A.
Wincker, Patrick
Kanne, Katherine
Outram, Alan
Orlando, Ludovic
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dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Cavalls -- Cria i desenvolupament
Restes d'animals (Arqueologia) -- Euràsia
90 - Arqueologia. Prehistòria
topic Cavalls -- Cria i desenvolupament
Restes d'animals (Arqueologia) -- Euràsia
90 - Arqueologia. Prehistòria
description Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 bce, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 bce and earlier. Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai around 3500 bce, a settlement from central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centred on horses. This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/2072/537925
url http://hdl.handle.net/2072/537925
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Nature 631, 819–825 (2024)
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv © The Author(s) 2024
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv © The Author(s) 2024
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 29 p.
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv RECERCAT (Dipòsit de la Recerca de Catalunya)
reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869402649458114560
spelling Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in EurasiaLibrado, PabloTressières, GaetanChauvey, LoreleiFages, AntoineKhan, NaveedSchiavinato, StéphanieCalvière-Tonasso, LaureKusliy, Mariya A.Gaunitz, CharleenLiu, XuexueWagner, StefanieSarkissian, Clio DerSeguin-Orlando, AndainePerdereau, AudeAury, Jean-MarcSouthon, JohnShapiro, BethBouchez, OlivierDonnadieu, CécileHorse Collin, Yvette RunningGregersen, Kristian M.Dengsø Jessen, MadsChristensen, KirstenClaudi-Hansen, LonePruvost, MélaniePucher, ErichVulic, HrvojeNovak, MarioRimpf, AndreaTurk, PeterReiter, SimoneBrem, GottfriedSchwall, ChristophBarrey, ÉricRobert, CélineDegueurce, ChristopheKolska Horwitz, LioraKlassen, LutzRasmussen, UffeKveiborg, JacobNørkjær Johannsen, NielsMakowiecki, DanielMakarowicz, PrzemysławSzeliga, MarcinIlchyshyn, VasylRud, VitaliiRomaniszyn, JanMullin, Victoria E.Verdugo, MartaBradley, Daniel G.Cardoso, João L.Valente, Maria J.Telles Antunes, MiguelAmeen, CarlyThomas, RichardLudwig, ArneMarzullo, MatildePrato, OrnellaBagnasco Gianni, GiovannaTecchiati, UmbertoGranado, JoséSchlumbaum, AngelaDeschler-Erb, SabineSchernig Mráz, MonikaBoulbes, NicolasGardeisen, ArmelleMayer, ChristianDöhle, Hans-JürgenVicze, MagdolnaKosintsev, Pavel A.Kyselý, RenéPeške, LubomírO’Connor, TerryAnanyevskaya, ElinaShevnina, IrinaLogvin, AndreyKovalev, Alexey A.Iderkhangai, Tumur-OchirSablin, Mikhail V.Dashkovskiy, Petr K.Graphodatsky, Alexander S.Merts, IliaMerts, ViktorKasparov, Aleksei K.Pitulko, Vladimir V.Onar, VedatÖztan, AliyeArbuckle, Benjamin S.McColl, HughRenaud, GabrielKhaskhanov, RuslanDemidenko, SergeyKadieva, AnnaAtabiev, BiyaslanSundqvist, MarieLindgren, GabriellaLópez-Cachero, F. JavierAlbizuri, SilviaTrbojević Vukičević, TajanaRapan Papeša, AnitaBurić, MarcelRajić Šikanjić, PetraWeinstock, JacoAsensio, DavidCodina, FerranGarcía Dalmau, CristinaMorer de Llorens, JordiPou Vallès, JosepPrado, Gabriel deSanmartí, Joan (Sanmartí i Grego)Kallala, NabilRamon, Joan, 1956-Maraoui-Telmini, BouthéinaBelarte Franco, Maria CarmeValenzuela Lamas, SilviaZazzo, AntoineLepetz, SébastienDuchesne, SylvieAlexeev, AnatolyBayarsaikhan, JamsranjavHoule, Jean-LucBayarkhuu, NoostTurbat, TsagaanCrubézy, ÉricShingiray, IrinaMashkour, MarjanBerezina, Natalia Ya.Korobov, Dmitriy S.Belinskiy, AndreyKalmykov, AlexeyDemoule, Jean-PaulReinhold, SabineHansen, SvendWallner, BarbaraRoslyakova, NataliaKuznetsov, Pavel F.Tishkin, Alexey A.Wincker, PatrickKanne, KatherineOutram, AlanOrlando, LudovicCavalls -- Cria i desenvolupamentRestes d'animals (Arqueologia) -- Euràsia90 - Arqueologia. PrehistòriaHorses revolutionized human history with fast mobility. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 bce, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 bce and earlier. Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai around 3500 bce, a settlement from central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centred on horses. This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines.This work was supported by France Génomique National infrastructure, funded as part of the ‘Investissement d’avenir’ programme managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-INBS-09); RYC2021-031607 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan (PRTR); the consolidated research group SGR2021-00337-Seminari d’Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP-UB) and SGR2021-00501- Archaeology of Social Dynamics (ASD, IMF-CSIC); the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (project HAR2017-87695-P); the Swiss National Science Foundation (project 178834); the Departament de Cultura of the ‘Generalitat de Catalunya’ (project ARQ001SOL-178-2022); the ‘Ginnerup and the End of Northern Europe’s First Farming Culture’ project, funded by the Aage og Johanne Louis-Hansen Foundation and the Augustinus Foundation; the ‘Cultural and economic centres of the Late Bronze Age of the southern part of the Middle Irtysh region’ (AP23488815); the Innovation Fund of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) (grant agreement IF_2015_17); the Russian Science Foundation (project 22-18-00470); the CNRS International Research Project AnimalFarm; the University Paul Sabatier IDEX Chaire d’Excellence (OURASI); and the France Génomique Appel à Grand Projet (ANR-10-INBS-09-08, BUCEPHALE and MARENGO projects). C.A. and A. Outram were funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, UK (AH/S000380/1). Y.R.H.C. was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant agreement 890702-MethylRIDE). K.K. was supported by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (no. 0833106) and a Wenner-Gren Foundation Dissertation Fieldwork Grant. A.K.K. is supported by government research (project FMZF-2022-0013). R. Kyselý is supported by the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO:67985912). P.F.K. is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project RSF 22-18-00194). P.M. is supported by the National Science Centre (NSC), Poland, under the grant number 2023/49/B/HS3/00825. I.M. and V.M. are supported by the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (project BR18574223). V.V.P. is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (projects 21-18-00457P RNF and 24-68-00031 RNF) and government research (project FMZF-2022-0012). M.V.S. is supported by grant agreement 075-15-2021-1069. M. Szeliga is supported by the NSC, Poland, under grant number 2015/19/B/HS3/01720. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreements 834616-ARCHCAUCASUS, 101117101-anthropYXX, 681605-PEGASUS and 101071707-Horsepower).Springer Nature2024info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion29 p.application/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/2072/537925RECERCAT (Dipòsit de la Recerca de Catalunya)reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésNature 631, 819–825 (2024)© The Author(s) 2024This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:2072/5379252026-05-29T05:05:01Z
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