A comprehensive review of multimodal analysis in education

Multimodal learning analytics (MMLA) has become a prominent approach for capturing the complexity of learning by integrating diverse data sources such as video, audio, physiological signals, and digital interactions. This comprehensive review synthesises findings from 177 peer-reviewed studies to ex...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Guerrero Sosa, Jared David Tadeo, Menéndez , Víctor Hugo, Romero Chicharro, Francisco Pascual, Montoro Montarroso, Andrés, Olivas Varela, José Ángel, Serrano-Guerrero, Jesús
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Repositorio:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
OAI Identifier:oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/43686
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115896
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/43686
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Educational data mining
Learning analytics
Multimodal feature extraction
Multimodal learning analytics
Descripción
Sumario:Multimodal learning analytics (MMLA) has become a prominent approach for capturing the complexity of learning by integrating diverse data sources such as video, audio, physiological signals, and digital interactions. This comprehensive review synthesises findings from 177 peer-reviewed studies to examine the foundations, methodologies, tools, and applications of MMLA in education. It provides a detailed analysis of data collection modalities, feature extraction pipelines, modelling techniques—including machine learning, deep learning, and fusion strategies—and software frameworks used across various educational settings. Applications are categorised by pedagogical goals, including engagement monitoring, collaborative learning, simulation-based environments, and inclusive education. The review identifies key challenges, such as data synchronisation, model interpretability, ethical concerns, and scalability barriers. It concludes by outlining future research directions, with emphasis on real-world deployment, longitudinal studies, explainable artificial intelligence, emerging modalities, and cross-cultural validation. This work aims to consolidate current knowledge, address gaps in practice, and offer practical guidance for researchers and practitioners advancing multimodal approaches in education.